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Genre Theory
Steve Neal examined that genres are formed through repetition and recognition, leading to anticipation and expectation.
Semiotics Theory
Barthes' theory suggests that visual elements carry meanings through 5 codes:Hermeneutic, Proairetic, Semantic, Symbolic, and Referential.
Structuralism Theory
Levi Strauss proposed that the human mind categorizes through binary opposition, creating clear differences in media products.
Narratology Theory
Todorov's theory outlines the stages of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, repair, and new equilibrium in storytelling.
Character Types
Propp identified 7 character types in narratives:hero, villain, donor, princess, helper, princess' father, and false hero.
Postmodernism Theory
Baudrillard's theory of hyperreality blurs the lines between reality and simulation in media.
Power in Media
Curran and Seaton discuss how media concentration limits variety, creativity, and quality due to profit and power motives.
Cultural Industries Theory
Hesmondhalgh's theory emphasizes maximizing profit by creating generic media products for different industries.
Regulation Theory
Livingstone and Lunt highlight the conflict between citizen needs and consumer interests in media regulation.
Audience Identity
Gauntlett's theory states that audiences use media content to construct identities and share content.
Media Effects Theory
Bandura's theory suggests that media can influence attitudes and behaviors in audiences.
Fandom Theory
Jenkins describes how fans engage with media texts to create personal meanings beyond the original message.
Cultivation Theory
Gerbner's theory explains how repeated media exposure shapes perceptions and reinforces dominant values.
End of Audience Theory
Shirky discusses how new media technologies have transformed audience engagement with media content.
Reception Theory
Hall's theory posits that audiences interpret texts differently, contributing to the meaning of the text.
Representation Theory
Hall's theory explains how media representations reflect producer ideologies and are constructed through codes.
Feminist Theory
Hooks and VanZoonen discuss how media industries are controlled by certain groups, leading to misrepresentation and discrimination.
Male Gaze Theory
Mulvey's theory explains how women are often portrayed in relation to men in media, reinforcing patriarchal norms.
Identity Theory
Gauntlett and Butler emphasize that audiences construct their identities through media content and performances.
Postmodernism and Ethnicity Theory
Gilroy discusses how postcolonial attitudes influence racial hierarchies in media representations.
Theory of gender preformativity
placed emphasis on gender as a social construction of behaviours determined by culture rather than by biological differences between sexes
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