NURS 233 - Quiz Four: Chapter 10 Medical Terms

bone

organ made up of hard connective tissue with a dense outer layer and spongy inner layer

bone marrow

material found in the cavities of bones; red marrow is responsible for blood cell formation, and yellow marrow serves as a storehouse for fat

bursa (plural bursae)

fuid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

cartilage

firm connective tissue primarily found in joints; covers the contacting surfaces of bones

ilium

upper wing-shaped part on each side of the pelvis

ischium

lower posterior portion of the pelvis on which one sits

joint

structure forming the union between bones and often allowing for movement

ligament

flexible, tough bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach one bone to another at a joint

muscle

tissue composed of specialized cells with the ability to contract to produce movement

pubis

anterior portion of the pelvis

sternum

long, flat bone attached to the collarbone and first seven ribs, forming the center front of the chest wall (also called breastbone)

tendon

band of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

vertebral column

made up of bones called vertebrae (pl.) or vertebra (s.) through which the spinal cord runs. The vertebral column protects the spinal cord, supports the head, and provides points of attachment for ribs and muscles. It has five sections, including the cervical spine, thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, and coccyx (see Figure 10.4).

arthr/o

joints

burs/o

bursa

carp/o

carpals, wrist (bone)

chondr/o

cartilage

cost/o

rib(s)

crani/o

skull (cranium)

femor/o

femur (upper leg bone)

ili/o

ilium (upper wing-shaped part on each side of the pelvis)

ischi/o

ischium (lower posterior portion of the pelvis on which one sits)

kinesi/o

movement, motion

kyph/o

hump (thoracic spine)

lord/o

bent forward (lumbar spine)

necr/o

death

oste/o

bone

phalang/o

phalanx (pl. phalanges) (any bone of the fingers or toes)

pub/o

pubis (anterior portion of the pelvis)

rachi/o

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

scoli/o

crooked, curved (spine)

spondyl/o

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

stern/o

sternum (breastbone)

ten/o, tendin/o

tendon

troph/o

development

vertebr/o

vertebra, spine, vertebral column

-asthenia

weakness

-malacia

softening

-desis

binding, fusion

-schisis

split, fissure

inter-

between

my/o

muscle(s), muscle tissue

path/o

disease

electr/o

electrical activity

sarc/o

flesh, connective tissue

-a, -y

no meaning

-itis

inflammation

-ac, -al, -eal, -ic

pertaining to

-logy

study of

-algia

pain

-oma

tumor

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-osis

abnormal condition

-penia

abnormal reduction (in number)

-ectomy

surgical removal, excision

-plasty

surgical repair

-gram

record, radiographic image

-scopic

pertaining to visual examination

-ia

diseased state, condition of

-scopy

visual examination

-iasis

condition

-tomy

cut into, incision

a-, an-

absence of, without

hyper-

above, excessive

brady-

slow

intra-

within

dys-

difficult, painful, abnormal

sub-

below, under

atrophy

without development (process of wasting away)

bradykinesia

slow movement

bursectomy

excision of the bursa

bursitis

inflammation of the bursa

bursotomy

incision into the bursa

carpal

pertaining to the wrist

carpectomy

excision of a wrist bone

dyskinesia

painful movement

dystrophy

abnormal development

electromyogram (EMG)

record of the electrical activity of the muscle

femoral

pertaining to the femur

hypertrophic

pertaining to excessive development

hypertrophy

excessive development

iliac

pertaining to the ilium

iliofemoral

pertaining to the ilium and femur

intervertebral

pertaining to between the vertebrae

ischial

pertaining to the ischium

ischiopubic

pertaining to the ischium and pubis

kyphosis

abnormal condition of a hump (thoracic spine)

lordosis

abnormal condition of bent forward (lumbar spine)

myalgia

muscle pain

myasthenia

muscle weakness

phalangeal

pertaining to a phalanx (any bone of the fingers or toes)

phalangectomy

excision of a phalanx (any bone of the fingers or toes)

rachiotomy

incision into the vertebral column

rachischisis

fissure of the vertebral column

scoliosis

abnormal condition of crooked, curved (spine)

spondylarthritis

inflammation of the vertebral joints

vertebral

pertaining to the vertebra(e)

vertebrectomy

excision of the vertebra

vertebroplasty

surgical repair of the vertebra

arthralgia

pain in the joint