Studied by 2 people
Agricultural Density
The number of farmers per unit of arable land
Antinatalist policy
Designed to curtail population growth by reducing fertility rates
Arithmetic (crude) density
The average number of people per unit of land area (usually per square mile or kilometer)
Brain drain
A phenomenon where a country or a place loses young, more educated, and skilled people through migration
Brain gain
A phenomenon where a country or a place gains young, more educated, and skilled people through migration
carrying capacity
the number of people a particular environment or Earth as a whole can support on a sustainable basis
chain migration
The process by which some people’s migration to a new place leads their family members, friends, and others to move to the same place
Child mortality
Deaths of children under five years of age
Cornucopians or anti-Malthusians
People who disagree with the Malthusian view of population and resources
Crude birth rate (CBR)
The average number of births per 1000 people; traditional way of measuring birth rates
Crude death rate (CDR) or mortality rate
The number of deaths per year per 1000 people
degenerative disease
A disease that causes deterioration over time, such as cancer, heart disease, and stroke
demographic transition model (DTM)
How crude birth rate (CBR) and crude death rate (CDR) as well as the resulting rate of natural increase (RNI) change over time as countries go through industrialization and urbanization
demography
The statistical study of population and its change
Dependency ratio
The number of dependents in a population that each 100 working-age people (ages 15 - 64 years) most support
doubling time
The number of years it takes for a population to double in size
ecumene
The portion of Earth’s surface with permanent human settlement
Elderly dependency ratio
The number of elderly dependents in a population (usually people older than 64 years of age) that every 100 working-age people must support
Emigrant or out-migrant
A person who leaves their country of origin
Emigration or out-migration
The act of a migrant leaving their place (country) of origin
Epidemiological transition theory
Seeks to explain how changes in health services and living standard affect patterns of disease
forced migration
Migration caused by forces out of one’s control, such as disasters, social conflicts, or developmental projects.
gender roles
Culturally specific notions of what it means to be a man or woman
Great migration
The twentieth-century movement of 6 million African Americans from the rural southern states to the cities of the midwestern and northeastern states
Guest worker
A person with temporary permission to work in another country
Immigrant or in-migrant
A person who arrives at their destination country
immigration or in-migration
The act of a migrant arriving at their destination country
infant mortality rate (IMR)
A measure of how many infants die within the first year of their life per 1000 live births
Infanticide
The practice of killing infants
Internally displaced person (IDP)
Someone who remains within his or her country’s borders despite being persecuted by their home country
intervening obstacle
A complication that potential migrants will need to overcome to reach their destination
Intervening opportunity
A nearby attractive locale where migrants may decide to settle instead of going to the intended destination farther away
Life expectancy
The number of years a person can expect to live from birth
Malthusian
A term derived from the name Thomas Robert Malthus, an English economist and cleric, to mean either “of or relating to Malthus’s theory” or “a follower of Malthus”
Migration
The long-term or permanent relocation of individuals, families, or entire communities from one place to another
neo-Malthusians
People who today subscribe to the Malthusian view of population
net migration
The difference between the number of in-migrants and out-migrants
Overpopulation
Occurs when the human population exceeds the food supply
Physiological density
The average number of people per unit area (a square mile or kilometer) of arable land
Population density
The average number of people per unit of land area
population distribution
The patterns in which humans are spread out on Earth’s surface
Population pyramid
A very useful graphic device for comparing age and sex structure
pronatalist policy
Designed to boost fertility rates and ultimately population growth
pull factors
The attributes of other places that make them appealing to potential migrants
push factors
Factors that cause people to be dissatisfied with their present locales and want to move somewhere else
Rate of Natural Increase (RNI)
The difference between the number of births and deaths in a given year, when expressed as a percentage of total population
Refugees
A person who leaves their country because of persecution based on race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, or political opinion
Rule of 70
A tool for calculating the doubling time of a population by dividing 70 by a country’s rate of natural increase (RNI)
Rural-to-urban migration
When people move from the countryside to cities
Seasonal migration
Migration based on the time of year
Sex ratio
The ratio of the number of men to number of women in a population
Step (or stepwise) migration
Migration carried out in a series of stages, usually from nearby to bigger and more distant places
Total fertility rate (TFR)
The average number of children born per woman during her reproductive lifetime, considered to be from 15 to 49 years of age
Voluntary migration
Migration that is done willingly
Women’s empowerment
The increased autonomy of women to make choices and shape their lives
Youth dependency ratio
The number of young dependents in a population (usually people younger than 15 years of age) that every 100 working-age people must support
zero population growth
When a country has the same number of births and deaths in a given year, its rate of natural increase (RNI) is zero.
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