child lang: SPEAKING

what are children able to do before they are born

hear people talking at around 16-18 weeks

what are the 6 stages that children acquire language when they are born (IN ORDER)

instinctive biological noises, cooing and vocal play, babbling, melodic utterances, protowords, first word

what are instinctive biological noises

noises babies make out of instinct rather than being in control, e.g crying

when do instinctive biological noises start

0-6 weeks

what is cooing and vocal play

child produces long vowel sounds that dont mean anything, starts to put sounds together

when does cooing and vocal play usually start

7 weeks

what is babbling

child starts reduplicate syllables like baba, caregiver praises them, then child moves to mixing syllables like damaba, then child starts to produce lost of phonemes, then child use phonemes only in their language

what is variegated babbling

when child mixes syllables like damaba

what is phonemic expansion

child produces lots of phonemes

when does babbling aprox. begin

6 months

what is phonemic contraction

child only uses phonemes in their language

what are melodic utterances

child uses intonation and experiments with rhythm and tone

when does melodic utterances start

9 months onwards

what are protowords

child assigns sounds to objects, then objects become known as this sound

an example of protoword

pap for dog

what is the first word

child finally produce their first fully formed word, parents get excited, they produce the word over and over again

what are the common first words

dad, mum, cat, dog, teddy, baby, no

what stage begins after the first word

holophrastic

what do children learn at different rates

different phonemes

which sounds are learnt first to be acquired

plosives and nasals

what do children find easier to pronounce and why

bilabials because they can see their parents lips and how it moves

after bilabials what is followed

velar and then fricative related sounds

when does the holophrastic stage start

12-18 months

what are holophrases

single words with many different meanings and moods and usually nouns

name an example of a holophrase

dog could mean, where’s the dog, there’s the dog, come here dog

linking to the holophrase example of dog what can the child add

intonation, rise their voice at the end of the word, sounds like a question

when does the 2 word stage start approx

18-24 months

what does the child start to use at the 2 word stage

2 words, verbs start to emerge, begins to use syntax correctly

give example of syntax for 2 word stage

subject and verb- milo woof

noun and object- bark dog

noun phrases- soft milo

verb phrases- walk dog

when does the telegraphic stage begin approx

24 months until 5 yrs

what happens during telegraphic stage

child uses just enough words to successfully communicate, increase in vocab, word classes now acquired e.g pronouns

give an example of the telegraphic stage

milo is dog

milo goes woof

wheres dog go

what happens at the end of the telegraphic stage

become more complex with their language, adds negatives, inflections and coordinating conjunctions

when does the post telegraphic stage start

5 yrs up

what happens during post telegraphic stage

child uses advanced features of English, includes contractions and irregular verbs

what is addition

child adds something new into pronunciation, e.g cato

what is the process of addition called

diminutisation

what is diminutisation

child adds y onto ends of words to make them diminutives, e.g doggy