ESTH 1000 Study Guide

infection control

the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms from one individual to another

infectious

caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection

disease

an abnormal condition of all or part of the body

disinfectants

chemical products approved by the EPA designed to destroy most bacteria (excluding spores)

sanitation

also known as sanitizing; a chemical process for reducing disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level

direct transmission

transmission of pathogens through touching (including shaking hands)

indirect transmission

transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate object such as a razor

infection

the invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens

infectious disease

disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that may or may not be spread from one person to another person

disinfection

a chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful microorganisms (except bacterial spores) on environmental surfaces

cleaning

a mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove dirt and debris; required before disinfecting

virucidal

capable of destroying viruses

bacterial spores

bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to survive until conditions become more favorable

bactericidal

capable of destroying bacteria

communicable

able to be communicated; transferable by contact from one person to another as in a communicable disease

fungicidal

capable of destroying molds and fungi

contagious disease

also known as communicable disease; disease that is capable of being spread from one person to another

contamination

the presence

occupational disease

illness resulting from conditions associated with employment

diagnosis

determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms; salon professionals are prohibited from performing diagnoses

bacteria

single-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics; some are harmful and some are harmless

pathogenic disease

disease produced by organisms including bacteria

parasitic disease

disease caused by parasites

pathogenic

harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body

microorganism

any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size

nonpathogenic

harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and do not cause disease or harm

inflammation

a condition in which the body reacts to injury

pus

a fluid created by infection

local infection

an infection such as a pimple or abscess that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus

systemic infection

an infection where the pathogen has spread throughout the body rather than staying in one area or organ

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

abbreviated MRSA; a type of infectious bacteria that is resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics

Staphylococci

pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes; cause abscesses

virus

a parasitic submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms

Mycobacterium

a large family of bacteria that is often found in soil and water

human papillomavirus

abbreviated HPV; virus that can infect the bottom of the feet or the genitals and is commonly spread through sexual transmission

bloodborne pathogens

disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids

herpes simplex virus

an inflammatory disease of the skin caused by a virus and characterized by small vesicles in clusters

human immunodeficiency virus

abbreviated HIV; virus that causes HIV disease and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

hepatitis

a bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

abbreviated AIDS; a disease that breaks down the body's immune system caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

mildew

a type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects; does not cause human infections in salons or barbershops

tinea barbae

also known as barber's itch; a superficial fungal infection characterized by ringed lesions of the face

fungi

single-celled organisms that grow in irregular masses and can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm

tinea capitis

a fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules or spots at the opening of the hair follicles

parasites

organisms that grow

ringworm

a fungal infection of the skin that appears in circular lesions

biofilms

colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces as well as the human body

scabies

a contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite

pediculosis capitis

infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice

sterilization

the process that completely destroys all microbial life

antiseptics

chemical germicides formulated for use on skin; regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

multiuse

also known as reusable; items that can be cleaned

nonporous

an item made of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids

porous

made of a material that has pores or openings; porous items are absorbent

efficacy

the ability of a product to produce the intended effect; the percentage of pathogens destroyed or disabled when used properly

quaternary ammonium compounds

commonly known as quats; disinfectants effective against most salon pathogens

tuberculosis

a disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing

tuberculocidal disinfectants

often referred to as phenolics; disinfectants proven to kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis

sodium hypochlorite

common household bleach; an effective disinfectant for the salon

chelating soaps

break down stubborn films and remove residue of products; also known as chelating detergents

phenolic disinfectants

tuberculocidal disinfectants that are a form of formaldehyde; have a very high pH and can damage the skin and eyes

Standard Precautions

guidelines published by the CDC requiring that all blood and body fluids be treated as potentially infectious

asymptomatic

showing no symptoms or signs of infection

exposure incident

contact with non-intact skin

effective communication

the act of sharing information between two people (or groups of people) so that the information is successfully understood

client intake form

also known as a client questionnaire

service record card

the client’s permanent progress record of services received

client consultation

communication with a client that determines what the client’s needs are and how to achieve the desired results

reflective listening

listening to the client and then repeating

personal grooming

the process of caring for parts of the body and maintaining an overall polished look

personal hygiene

daily maintenance and cleanliness by practicing good healthful habits

professional image

the impression projected by a person engaged in any profession

nonverbal communication

communication expressed by body language

image enhancers

behaviors that improve the quality of your professional image through specific methods for conducting and representing yourself

soft skills

personal attributes that enhance an individual’s interactions

work ethic

taking pride in your work and committing yourself to consistently doing an excellent job for your clients

portfolio

a display of your talents and work for potential clients and employers to evaluate your professional skills

procrastination

putting off until tomorrow what you can do today

self-actualization

fulfilling one’s full potential

game plan

the conscious act of planning your life

mission statement

a statement that establishes the purpose and values by which an individual or institution lives and works; it provides a sense of direction by defining guiding principles and clarifying goals as well as how an organization operates

perfectionism

an unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly

goal setting

the identification of long-term and short-term goals that helps you decide what you want out of life

prioritize

to make a list of tasks that need to be done in the order of most-to-least important

repetition

repeatedly saying

organization

a method used to store new information for short-term and long-term memory

ethics

the moral principles by which we live and work

mind mapping

a graphic representation of an idea or problem that helps organize one’s thoughts

mnemonic

any memorization device that helps a person recall information

matter

any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

chemistry

science that deals with the composition

element

the simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity

atoms

the smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element

electrons

subatomic particles with a negative charge

molecule

a chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions

protons

subatomic particles with a positive charge

neutrons

subatomic particles with no charge

compound molecules

also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions

physical change

a change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance

elemental molecule

molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions