Music Appreciation Romantic Period

1820-1900

What years did the romaric period encompass?

Nature

What was the most important inspiration of romantic art?

Exoticism

Drawing creative inspiration from cultures of lands foreign to the composer.

Exoticism

Puccini's Madam Butterfly is an example of this.

Nationalism

The deliberate intent to draw creative inspiration from the composers own homeland

Program music

Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene.

Piano or orcestra

Most program music is written for these 2 instruments

Program symphony

Composition in several movements with a program

Concert overture

This and a symphonic poem are one-movement compositions with a program

Sonata

The difference between a symphonic poem and concert overture is that a concert overture is in what form?

Franz Liszt

The symphonic poem was essentially created by this guy

Incidental music

Music intended to be preformed before and during a play

Absolute music

Nonprogram music is known as what?

Larger and varied in tone color

How was the romantic orchestra different from the classical orchestra?

Rubato

A slight holding back or pressing forward of the tempo in music

Thematic Transformation

Altering the character of a melody by changes in dynamics, orchestration, of rhythm is what romantic technique?

Clara Schumann, Franz Liszt, and Niccolo Paganini

These three composers were virtuoso musicians that traveled giving solo recitals

Piano

This was a very important a part of every middle-class home during the romantic period.

Berlioz & Robert Schumann

Music criticism was a source of income for both of these composers.

Art song

A composition for both solo voice and piano

Lied(er)

German romantic art song

Strophic form

In art song, when the music is repeated for each stanza of the poem

Through-composed

In art song, when the music is new for each stanza of the poem

Schubert

The first great master of romantic art song

Song cycle

A set or group of art songs, usually linked by a story line, a set of poems, or music idea

Musical compositions

Franz Schuberts primary income came form what?

600

Franz Schuberts art songs numbered more than what?

Piano accompaniment and voice

Schubert was a aster at joining what?

Franz Schubert

Died at the age of 31

Robert Schumann

Who is best known for his art songs and short piano pieces?

Robert Schumann

This composer was gifted with melody

Johannes Brahms

Clara Schumann frequently preformed the works of her husband and here close friend

Teaching piano

While in Paris, what did Chopin do to earn a living to the daughters of the rich?

Piano

Chopin was called a the poet of what instrument?

Chopin

What composer was known for writing expressive music, effects often achieved through the use of the damper pedal.

Nocturne

A slow, lyrical, intimate composition for piano, associated with evening or night.

Polonaise

Piece in triple meter that originated as a stately processional dance for the polish nobility

Chopin

What composer used both the nocturne and the polonaise

Etude

A study pieced designed to help a performer master specific technical difficulties. Often used by Liszt

Franz Liszt

His piano works are characterized by an unprecedented range of dynamics, rapid octaves and daring leaps.

Franz Liszt

He was said to have a magnetic personality, as well as incredible showmanship as a performer.

Controversial

Franz Liszt music was and is what?

Franz Liszt

He created symphonic poem and made use of thematic transformation. He was a great influence of Richard Wagner.

Felix Mendelssohn

He revived the interest in the music of Bach when he conducted Bach's St Matthew Passion in 1829.

Oratorio

The high point of Mendelsohhns career was the premiere of his, , Elijah

Mendelsohhn

His music was deeply rooted in classical tradition and he wrote in all forms expect opera.

Berlioz

This composer was extraordinarily imaginative in treating the orchestra, creating tone colors never before heard.

Idée fixe

Berlioz symphonie fantastic he is unified by the recurrence of a theme called what?

Musical journalism

Because Berlioz was unable to support his family by composing, he turned to what for an income?

Berlioz

Required very large orchestras to play his music, often numbering in the hundreds.

Modest Mussorgsky

The greatest of the Russian five and is considered a nationalist composer

Peter Tchiakosky

Began studying music theory when he was 21. Came to the US in 1890 to conduct 4 concerts inaugurating Carneige Hall in NYC. He was also one of the few companies lucky enough to be supported by a patron

Ballets

Tchaikovsky was most famous for his what?

Swan lake, nutcracker and sleeping beauty

Tchiakosky three famous ballets?

Bed rich Smetana

Founder of the Czech national music. Became deaf at 50

Antonin Dvorak

Followed smetana as the leading composer of Czech national music. Became interested in American music and spent some time in NYC

Operas

Brahms wrote many masterpieces but never any of these.

Theme and variations

Brahms was the greatest master of what classical form so me Beethoven?

Brahms

He wrote variations that sound completely different from their thematic source, while retaining the theme's basic structure. While he is considered a romantic composer because of when he lived, he composed more in the traditional classical style

Milan

La Scala, Italy's most important opera house, is located where?

Verdi

His greatest operas include Rigoletto, It Trovatore, La travaita, Aida, Otello, & Falstaff

Falstaff

What is the only comedy opera Verdi wrote.

Melody

the the soul of Verdi opera is expressive what?

Manon Lescaut

Puccini's first successful opera.

Pucinni

His other well-known operas include Madams Bufferfly, tursndot, tosca and la boheme.

Exoticism

His use of melodic and rhythmic events derived from Japanese and Chinese music in Madama Butterfly and Turandot. He was a successful composer, attaining wealth and fame in his lifetime.

Verismo

An artistic trend of the 1890's, in which operas dealt with ordinary people and true-to-life situations. Example of this include La Boheme and Tosca

Richard Wagner

He had an opera house Buick to his own specifications in Bayreuth. His first successful opera was Rienzi. He also composed the following important operas: Tristan and Isolde and Tannhauser, as well as a cycle of four operas called Der Ring des Nibelungen.

Leit motif

A short musical idea associated with a person, object or though, that Wagner used in his operas.

Mahler

Began his professional musical life as a conductor of musical comedies. By personally supervising the acting, costumes, scenery and music of every preformance, he brought the Vienna Opera to new heights of excellence. By the age of 28 he was director of the Budapest opera.

Symphonies

The major portion of Mahlers creative output consists of what?

Programmatic

Much of Mahlers music was what?

Mahler

This composer followed in Beethovens footsteps and used voices in four of his symphonies.

Mendelsohhn

He was born into a wealthy family

Wagner

He did not write Fidello

Wanger

He wrote a four song cycle opera