Imported from Quizlet - Early Republic Flashcards

tariff

a tax on imported goods; an import tax

faction

a organized political group

James Madison

Framer/Father of the Constitution ; one of the authors of "The Federalist" papers; opponent of factions

Thomas Jefferson

Leader of the Democrat-Republican party in late 1700s and early 1800s; supported French during the French Revolution; served as Adams' Vice-President

Alexander Hamilton

Founding Father who became a member of Washington's Cabinet; served as Secretary of Treasury and was very skilled at finances and economics; created a plan to fix our first economic problems

John Adams

George Washington's Vice-President; from New England; wins election of 1796 to become the 2nd President of the U.S.

neutral

not favoring either side in a dispute; unbiased; not helping or supporting

impressment

seizing sailors and forcing them to serve in a foreign navy

John Jay

served as a representative from U.S. to Great Britain; the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; one of the authors of "The Federalist" papers

alien

an outsider or someone from another country

sedition

an activity designed to overthrow a government

nullify

deprive of legal force; cancel; void; southern states wanted the power to declare federal laws unconstitutional

states' rights

the idea that the union binding "these United States" is an agreement between the states and that they can therefore overrule federal law (nullify)- they can't, Supreme Court has judicial review

Democrat-Republicans

faction/political party led by Thomas Jefferson; supported strong state government and an emphasis on peoples' rights; also opposed a national bank and tariff, and supported the French, agriculture, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution

Federalists

faction/political party led by Alexander Hamilton; supported strong national government and an emphasis on the educated elite running the government; also supported a national bank, manufacturing, tariffs, the British, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution

Hamilton's Financial Plan

to fix the national economy the United States would pay back all debts, create a national bank, and create a high tariff; the high tariff portion would not pass

The Whiskey Rebellion

after Congress created a high tax on all whiskey made and sold in the United State, many farmers became upset because it cut into their revenue; many farmers refused to pay the tax and rebelled when tax collectors tried to get the taxes; failed after President Washington led troops to squash the rebellion

The French Revolution

a revolution in France to overthrow the monarch and establish a republic government; became a controversial topic of discussion after the revolution became extremely violent; U.S. remained neutral in the event at the request of George Washington

The Jay Treaty

a treaty between the United States and Great Britain that resulted in the United States paying back debts owed to the British, Britain withdrawing all troops from the Northwest Territory, and the British still impressing U.S. soldiers and not supporting our trade with France

Washington's Presidential Accomplishments

U.S. has a functioning government, economy drastically improved, avoided war, and British left the Northwest Territory

The XYZ Affair

failed foreign relations mission between the U.S. and France; the French demanded that the U.S. pay a bribe of $250,000 and give them millions of dollars in loans

The Alien Act

legislation that increased the duration from 5 to 14 years that a person had to live in the United States to become a citizen; also increased the President's power to deport or imprison any alien he considered dangerous

The Sedition Act

made it a crime for anyone to write or say anything insulting or anything false about the President, Congress, or the government in general; one of the harshest laws passed limiting freedom of expression

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

statements passed by the Virginia and Kentucky state legislatures that declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional; claimed that states could nullify federal laws and increased the idea of states' rights

elastic clause

the part of the Constitution that permits Congress to make any laws "necessary and proper" to carrying out its powers; implied powers

popular sovereignty

A government in which the people rule by their own consent.

checks and balances

The power of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government to block some acts by the other two branches--ie. the veto, declaring a law unconstitutional, or impeaching a president.

federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Marbury v. Madison

John Adam's midnight appointments = William Marbury. Madison withheld the papers. Marbury request an Act of Congress to get papers. Result: Supreme Court strikes this down claiming that this act is unconstitutional. = judicial review

Sacagawea

Guide and interpreter for the Corps of Discovery

Embargo Act

1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy and got repealed in 1809.

Battle of Tippecanoe

1811 Tecumseh and the Prophet attack, but General Harrison defeats them in this battle, ends Tecumseh's attempt to unite all tribes in Mississippi. No clear winner.

Quasi War

Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800. The French began to seize American ships trading with their British enemies and refused to receive a new United States minister when he arrived in Paris in December 1796.

Pinckney's Treaty

Gave Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River and the right to trade at New Orleans; with Spain

Shays' Rebellion

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.

Virginia Plan

"Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states.

New Jersey Plan

Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states.

3/5 Compromise

compromise on how to count populations in states; every 5 enslaved people would count as 3 free

Connecticut Compromise

Compromise agreement by states at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in which representation would be based on population and an upper house in which each state would have two senators.

Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise

Resolved differences btwn northern and southern states; Congress could not tax exports nor ban the slave trade for 20 yrs.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

An expedition sent by Thomas Jefferson to explore the northwestern territories (Louisiana territory) of the United States ; led by Merriwether Lewis and William Clark; traveled from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River from 1803 to 1806

Treaty of Greenville

This treaty between the Americans and the Native Americans (Little Turtle). In exchange for some goods, the Indians gave the United States territory in Ohio. Anthony Wayne was the American representative.