bio 252L lab 2

the neural tube is a precursor for what

the CNS

ventricles of the brain house what

CSF

what structure produces CSF

choroid plexus

where does choroid plexus release CSF to

lateral ventricles

what hemisphere are the lateral ventricles in

cerebral hemisphere

what separates the lateral ventricles

septum pellucidum

what is the third ventricle surrounded by

thalamus

what is the fourth ventricle surrounded by

pons and cerebellum

flow of CSF in the brain

choroid plexus, 1st and 2nd ventricles, interventricular foramen 3rd ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, 4th ventricle, central canal

meninges of the brain (superficial to deep)

scalp, skull, dura mater, arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space, pia mater, cerebral cortex

precentral gyrus holds what cortex

primary motor cortex

postcentral gyrus holds what cortex

primary somatosensory cortex

what are the pre/postcentral gyrus separated by

central sulcus

what does the commissural tract connect

connects right and left sides of the brain

what does the projection tract connect

connects higher and lower regions of the CNS

what does the association tract connect

connects one part of the cortex to adjacent regions of the same hemisphere

what is the corpus callosum

bundle of white matter tracts containing axons responsible for communicating between cerebral hemipsheres

what is the largest commissural tract

corpus callosum

what are basal nuclei

clusters of gray matter found deep within the cerebral hemisphere

what do the basal nuclei do

initiate movements and coordinate antagonistic muscle pairs

what is the basal nuclei separated by

internal capsule

what is the largest bundle of projection and association tracts

internal capsule

what is the amygdala

bundle of white matter tracts

role of the amygdala

responsible for memory, decision-making, and emotional responses

can the amygdala be seen on any models

no

role of the hippocampus

responsible for memory, spatial memory, and navigation

can the hippocampus be seen on any models

no

parts of the diencephalon

epithalamus, thalamus, and hypothalamus

parts of the epithalamus

pineal gland and choroid plexus

role of pineal gland

releases melatonin

how many lobes does the thalamus have

2 lobes

what are the 2 lobes of the thalamus connected by

interthalamic adhesion

the thalamus is the site of what

neuron synapse and neural relay station

role of hypothalamus

releases hormones

what does the hypothalamus control/regulate

body temp regulation

autonomic control

pituitary gland control

emotional center control

sleep cycle control

what are the two parts of the midbrain

cerebral peduncles and copora quadrigemina

parts of the corpora quadrigemina

superior colliculi and inferior colliculi

role of superior colliculi

visual reflexes

role of inferior colliculi

auditory reflexes

role of pons

passageway for neurons

is the pons a white or gray matter tract

white matter tract

where do most of the pons tracts go to and what way

vertically to the cerebral peduncles

where do other tracts pass through when arriving at the pons

pass through the cerebellar peduncles to enter the cerebellum

role of medulla oblongata

cardiovascular, control, respiratory control, visceral reflexes (ex: GI tract)

is the medulla oblongata a white or gray matter tract

white matter

where are the medullary pyramids located

on the anterior surface of the medulla oblongata

what are the cerebellum hemispheres connected by

vermis

does the cerebellum contain white or gray matter and what is it called

white matter, arbor vitae

what does the cerebellum control

proprioception and balance

limbic system includes

cerebral cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus

what does the limbic system recognize

social cues (facial expressions, emotions, and memory)

role of reticular foramen

responsible for limiting and filtering sensory information from reaching the conscious mind

cranial nerves in order

olfactory

optic

oculomotor

trochlear

trigeminal

abducens

facial

vestibulocochlear

glossopharyngeal

vagus

spinal accessory

hypoglossal

what type of nerve is the olfactory and its function

sensory, smell

path of olfactory

olfactory epithelium

olfactory nerves

olfactory bulbs

olfactory tracts

olfactory cortex in temporal lobe

what type of nerve in optic and its function

sensory, sight

path of optic nerve

optic nerves

optic chiasm

optic tracts

visual cortex in occipital lobe

what type of nerve is the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens

motor

function of the oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves

innervates extra ocular muscles that move the eye

what type of nerve is the trigeminal nerve

motor and sensory

function of trigeminal nerve

motor: chewing

sensory: information from face, oral and nasal cavity

what type of nerve is the facial nerve

motor and sensory

function of facial nerve

motor: facial expression muscles

sensory: taste buds of tongue (anterior 2/3)

what type of nerve is vestibulocochlear

sensory

function of vestibulocochlear

information from the vestibule and cochlear of the ear

balance/equilibrium and hearing

what type of nerve is the glossopharyngeal

motor and sensory

function of glossopharyngeal

motor: swallowing

sensory: taste buds of tongue (posterior 1/3)

what type of nerve is vagus

motor and sensory

function of vagus nerve

motor: some internal organs

sensory: some internal organs

what type of nerve is spinal accessory

motor

function of spinal accessory nerve

motor stimulation to the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

what type of nerve is the hypoglossal

motor

function of the hypoglossal nerve

motor stimulation to the tongue. allows tongue to change shape and move around the mouth

how many layers of dura mater in brain

2

what lobe is visual cortex

occipital

what lobe is auditory cortex

temporal

what lobe is olfactory cortex

temporal

what lobe is primary gustatory cortex

parietal and insular

what lobe is primary motor cortex

frontal

what lobe is primary somatosensory cortex

parietal

neural tube parts

cerebrum, diencephalon, midbrain, cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata

when does someone have a neural tube

during embryonic development

parts of the diencephalon

pineal gland, thalamus, hypothalamus

parts of the brainstem

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

what are the biggest ventricles

lateral ventricles

what is the cerebral aqueduct surrounded by

midbrain

what is the fourth ventricle surrounded by

pons and cerebellum

what structures take csf back into the blood vessels surrounding the brain

arachnoid granulations

what are brain blood vessels called

dural venous sinuses

is the pituitary on the anterior or posterior side

anterior

what is the central canal surrounded by

medulla oblongata

most superficial meninge of the brain

dura mater

dura mater's two layers divide to form what

dural venous sinuses

where does csf enter the subarachnoid space

where the brainstem's wall is thin

csf moves from the ventricles to the _____ by passing through small openings in the brainstem.

subarachnoid space

what CN nerve is responsible for the larynx, pharynx and other internal neck and abdomen organs

vagus

is the surfaces of bones made of compact or spongy bone

compact

is the inner part of bones made of compact or spongy bone

spongy

role of transverse foramen

exit for vertebral arteries so they can deliver blood to brain