Juvenile Welfare Laws Flashcards

These vocabulary flashcards cover the key legislative acts, legal definitions, and procedural terms related to juvenile welfare and the juvenile justice system in the Philippines as presented in the lecture notes.

Welfare

Well-doing or well-being in any respect; the enjoyment of health and common blessing of life; exemption from any evil or calamity.

Republic Act 7610

The Special Protection of Children Against Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act, commonly referred to as the Anti-Child Abuse Law.

Children (under RA 7610, 9208, 9262, and 9775)

Persons below the age of $18$ or those over $18$ who are unable to fully take care of or protect themselves due to a physical or mental disability or condition.

Child Prostitution

Children, whether male or female, who for money, profit, or other consideration or due to coercion/influence, indulge in sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct.

RA 11648

An act raising the age of sexual consent and determining the commission of statutory rape from $12$ to $16$.

Child Trafficking

Committed by any person who engages in trading and dealing with children, including buying and selling for money or barter.

Child Abuse

The maltreatment of children, whether habitual or not, including psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, emotional maltreatment, or acts that debase the child's dignity.

Zones of Peace

A policy declaration under RA 7610 where children in situations of armed conflict shall not be objects of attack and are entitled to special respect and priority during evacuation.

RA 9208

The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003, which defines trafficking as recruitment or harboring of persons for exploitation through force, threat, or deception.

Qualified Trafficking in Persons

Acts of trafficking where the victim is a child, or the adoption is for exploitation, or the offender is a relative or public officer; carries the penalty of life imprisonment.

RA 9231

The Law for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labor, amending laws regarding working children.

Employment Age Limit (RA 9231)

Children below $15$ years of age shall not be employed, except when working under the sole responsibility of parents/guardians or in essential public entertainment with DOLE approval.

Working Hours for Children Under 15

Not more than $20$ hours a week, not more than $4$ hours on any given day, and only between $6$ am and $8$ pm.

Working Hours for Children 15 to Under 18

Not more than $8$ hours a day, in no case beyond $40$ hours a week, and only between $6$ am and $10$ pm.

RA 9262

The Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004, aimed at protecting victims from domestic violence.

Dating Relationship (RA 9262)

A situation where parties live as husband and wife without marriage or are romantically involved over time and on a continuing basis.

RA 9775

The Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009.

Child Pornography

Any representation (visual, audio, etc.) of a child engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual activities, including computer-generated images made to appear as a child.

Syndicated Child Pornography

Child pornography carried out by a group of three ($3$) or more persons conspiring or confederating with one another.

RA 9344

The Juvenile Justice and Welfare Act of 2006, governing the juvenile justice system in the Philippines.

Restorative Justice

A principle requiring a process of resolving conflicts with maximum involvement of the victim, offender, and community to seek reparation and reconciliation.

Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility

Under RA 9344, the age is over $15$ years old; children $15$ and under are exempt from criminal liability but undergo intervention.

Best Interest of the Child

The totality of circumstances most congenial to the survival, protection, and emotional development of the child.

Child at Risk

A child vulnerable to committing offenses due to personal, family, or social circumstances such as being abused, abandoned, or living in a community with high criminality.

Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL)

A child who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as having committed an offense under Philippine laws.

Initial Contact

The apprehension or taking into custody of a CICL by law enforcement or citizens; this term replaces 'arrest' to avoid negative labeling.

Intervention

A series of activities (counseling, skills training, etc.) designed to address the issues that caused a child to commit an offense.

Diversion

An alternative, child-appropriate process of determining responsibility and treatment without resorting to formal court proceedings.

Youth Rehabilitation Center

A $24$-hour residential care facility managed by DSWD or LGUs providing care, treatment, and rehabilitation for CICL.

Discernment

The mental capacity of a child at the time of the offense to understand the difference between right and wrong and the consequences of the act.

Suspended Sentence

Holding in abeyance the service of a sentence imposed by the court to allow the child to undergo rehabilitation until reaching a maximum age of $21$.

Reparation

The payment by the offender of the value of the thing or payment for injury or damage caused to the offended party.