Readings in Philippine History

________ presented his daring plan to King Charles I of Spain to reach the Spice Islands by sailing west.

Ferdinand Magellan

________- history meant a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether or not chronological factoring was a factor in the account.

Aristotle

It is a 16th- century Filipino epic poem.

IBONG ADARNA

________ is a virtue of respect for one's parents, elders, and ancestors.

Filial Piety

At the start of the ________, Europe had tremendously advanced in politics and sciences which brought fast changes in many parts of the world.

16th century

It is believed to be the cause of eclipses, ________, rains, and wind.

earthquakes

Magellan expedition left San Lucas, ________.

Spain

________: P24 but exempted from taxation.

Annual salary

________ became the most important center of trade in Asia between the 17th and 18th centuries.

Manila

________ and Corregidores exercised multiple prerogatives as Judge, Inspector of Encomiendas, Chief of Police, Tribute collector, Capital- General of the Province, and even Vice- Regal Patron.

Alcalde Mayors

________ are taught to become polite and respectful individuals.

Filipinos

BACOLOR - In the year ________ after the fall of Manila to the English invaders, Governor General Simon de Anda retreated and made the seat of the Spanish Government.

1762

________ is a local Tagalog idiom that means "Not Being Consistent."

Ningas Kugon

________- annual cultural and religious festival held on the third Sunday of January in Cebu City, and on the fourth Sunday of January in Carmen, Cebu, and is the center of the Santo Niño Catholic celebrations in the Philippines.

SINULOG FESTIVAL

________ discovered a strait in the southernmost part of South America and called it "Strait of all Saints," currently called "Strait of Magellan

Magellan

Under the command of ________ and other Spanish forces, the Philippines was under the colony of Spain which lasted for three hundred and thirty- three years.

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

Hiya or "shame " is a related value to ________

Amor Propio

Learning History

Lesson 1

is said to have ruled the kingdom of Tawalisi in the province of Pangasinan in ancient times

URDUJA

Battle of Mactan occurred due to refusal of chieftain to recognize the Sovereignty of Spain with ships

April 28, 1521

"Grand Woman of the Revolution" and the "Mother of Balintawak"

MELCHORA AQUINO

Most-powerful person in the entire country next to King of Spain (usually a Peninsulares)

Governor-General

It is the annual cultural and religious festival held on the third Sunday of January in Cebu City, and on the fourth Sunday of January in Carmen, Cebu, and is the center of the Santo Niño Catholic celebrations in the Philippines.

SINULOG FESTIVAL

Spaniards born in the Philippines who took important government positions

Insulares

Magellan expedition left San Lucas, Spain.

September 20, 1519

It is a serpent-like dragon in Philippine mythology

BAKUNAWA

A branch of knowledge that records and explains past events

HISTORY

History was derived from the Greek word historia which means "knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation"

Etymology of the word History

To him, history meant a systematic account of a set of natural phenomena, whether or not chronological factoring was a factor in the account.

Aristotle

study of the beliefs and desires, practices, and institutions of human beings

The study of history

active factor in the study of Philippine society

history

Encounters with the West

Lesson 2

Spaniards born in Spain

Peninsulares

The first Christian mass was held in

Limasawa, Leyte

Lapu

Lapu

P40,000

Yearly salary

from P300 to P2,000 before 1847 and P1,500 to P1,600 after it

Annual salary

Lands, Justice, Finance and the Municipal Police

intervened in all administrative cases pertaining to his town

P24 but exempted from taxation

Annual salary

Travel around the world with a ship

Circumnavigation

Was the Chronicler of Magellan's expedition

Antonio Pigafetta

Was the interpreter who accompanied Magellan

Enrique

He was a Filipino politician and judge, who served as the president of the Japanese-occupied Second Philippine Republic, a puppet state during World War.

Jose P. Laurel

Five Ships (From King Charles I)

Victoria
Trinidad
Conception
San Antonio
Santiago

The priest who held the first Christian mass

Father Pedro de Valderamma

Another name for Magellan

Fernao de Magalhaes

Magellan discovered a strait in the southernmost part of South America and called it “Strait of all Saints”, currently called Strait of Magellan.

October 21, 1520

- corruption of the Spanish falta, meaning “absence”
- a daily fine of one and a half real

falla

The first Christian mass - Limasawa, Leyte

March 31, 1521

Filipino lawyer, statesman, soldier and politician who served as president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines from 1935 until his death in 1944

MANUEL L. QUEZON

On March16, 1565, they performed a blood compact in order to seal their friendship as part of the tribal tradition

Miguel López de Legazpi (Spanish explorer) and Datu Sikatuna (Chieftain of Bohol)

To check the abuse of power of Royal Officials, these two ancient Castilian Institutions were brought to the Philippines

Residencia & Visita

Reached Cebu which was ruled then by Rajah Humabon

April 08, 1521

gift given by Magellan to Queen Juana, wife of Rajah Humabon

Sto. Niño

She was a Filipina who was the principal seamstress of the first and official flag of the Philippines, gaining her the title of "The Mother of the Philippine Flag."

MARCELA AGONCILLO

Secret investigation of an official's conduct as a public servant

Visita

3 Reasons for Spanish Conquest in the Philippines

Gold, Glory, God
or
(1) find the Spice Island
(2) spread Christianity
(3) add glory to Spain

Spanish Contributions

Catholicism
Cuisine
Language
Values
Education

- Preparation of the tribute list (Padron)
- Recruitment and distribution of men for draft labor
- Communal public work and Military conscription (Quinto), Postal Clerk and Judge in minor civil suits
- intervened in all administrative cases pertaining to his town: Lands, Justice, Finance and the Municipal Police.
- Any native or Chinese mestizo, 25 years old, literate in oral or written Spanish and has been a Cabeza de Barangay of 4 years can be a Gobernadorcillo.

Gobernadorcillo

Social classes in Spanish era

The Caste System

The Filipino Traits and Values

Hospitality
They maintain close Family Ties
Respect for the Elders
The Filipino is Sentimental
Pakikisama or Togetherness
Utang na loob
Shame
Fatalistic
Crab Mentality
Colonial Mentality
Ningas Cogon
Mañana Habit
Resilient
Faith in God

(3) Mestizo

Mestizo de Espanyol
Mestizo de Sangley
Tornatras

Given estates and other riches in exchange for pledging their services to the king of Spain

Conqustadores, Friars, Nobles

Filipinos with Austronesian blood.

Indios

Provide military services and governance to the inhabitants

Encomendero

Landed in the Island of Homonhon (Samar) at the entrance of the gulf of Leyte. Magellan called it “The Archipelago of Saint Lazarus”

March 17, 1521

Headed City Governments (Ayuntamientos)

Their salaries were augmented through the special privilege of “Indulto de Commercio” where all people were forced to do business with him.

Alcalde Mayor

Blood compact between Rajah Kulambu of Limasawa and Rajah Siagu of Butuan (date)

March 25, 1521

Initially fixed at 8 reales (centavos) and later increased to 15 reales

Taxation

Headed the unpacified Military Zones (Corrigimiento)

Corregidores

Philippine economy depended on __________ which was inaugurated in 1565 between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico.

Galleon Trade

exercised multiple prerogatives as Judge, Inspector of Encomiendas, Chief of Police, Tribute collector, Capital-General of the Province, and even Vice-Regal Patron

Alcalde Mayors and Corregidores

Peace and Order and recruited men for Communal Public Works

Cabeza de Barangay

Public investigation and trial of outgoing colonial officials in order to ascertain whether they had committed abuses in the performance of their duties

Residencia

Forced labor for 40 days of men ranging from 16 to 60 years of age who were obligated to give personal services to community projects

Polo Y Servicio

Miguel López de Legazpi (Spanish explorer) and Datu Sikatuna (Chieftain of Bohol) on March16, 1565, to seal their friendship as part of the tribal tradition

Legazpi-Sikatuna Blood Compact (Sandugo)

On March 25, 1521, a blood compact between these people was formed.

Ferdinand Magellan, Rajah Kulambu of Limasawa and Rajah Siagu of Butuan

Put up by Magellan in Cebu to mark the first conversion of the Filipinos

Magellan’s Cross

What was the political system under Spain?
It resembled the feudal system in Medieval Europe

Encomienda system