Accumulations and Deposits

What are the 3 categories of intracellular accumulations

• excess normal cellular components

• abnormal substance

• pigments

What are the 4 mechanisms that cause intracellular accumulations

• abnormal metabolism

• defect in protein folding

• lack of enzyme

• indigestion of indigestible material

An accumulation of protein intracellularly is known as __________

hyaline

Homogenous, eosinophilic(pink), amorphous or glassy intracellularly or extracellularly is the look of ______

Hyaline

Is hyaline specific for certain changes

no

list the pathogenesis of hyaline

1. glomerular damage

2. proteinuria

3. protein uptake by tubular epithelial cells

Intracellular hyaline within plasma cells is known as a ___________

Russell bodies

clinically where might Russel bodies be seen

feline pododermatitis

what are the two types of inclusion bodies

• crystalline protein inclusion bodies

• viral inclusion bodies

extracellular insoluble substance that is resistant to proteolysis and deposited in-between cells is known as ___________

amyloid

What are the types of amyloid

• amyloid associated

• primary amyloid light chain

amyloid associated is considered ___________ and has ________ as a precursor protein

• reactive systemic

• serum amyloid associated protein

amyloid light chain is considered a __________ and has _______ as protein

• primary amyloid

• immunoglobulin light chains

you will see amyloid associated (AA) secondary to things like _________

inflammation

what is the pathogenesis of amyloid

1. precursor proteins

2. misfolded proteins

3. misfolded proteins deposited in-between tissues

4. deposited proteins form aggregates

What are common sites of amyloid deposition

• kidney

• liver

• spleen

• lymph nodes

• adrenal cortex

what are cats species specific sits of amyloid deposition

pancreatic islets

where would amyloid deposit commonly in horses

skin near immunization sites

what is the gross appearance of an organ undergoing amyloid deposition

• firm

• pale

• tan to yellow

• swollen and enlarged

histologically amyloid looks like ___________ in between cells due to its _________ nature

• cotton candy

• eosinophilic

amyloid stains red with ________ stain

Congo red

Calcium mineralization stains black with what type of stain

Von Kossa

amyloidosis or deposition of amyloid has what effects

interferes with cell function

amyloid deposits are often a ___________ to systemic disease

secondary change

deposition of sodium urate crystals on tissue is called ________

gout

gout occurs in humans, birds and reptiles due to them all lacking _______

uricase

The cause of gout in birds and reptile are what three things

• dehydration

• high protein diets

• renal failure

pathogenesis of gout is primarily due to what?

• impaired excretion of uric acid

• overproduction of uric acid

What are the two types of gout

• visceral

• articular

visceral gout is most common in ________ and __________

• birds

• reptiles

microscopically you can see gout crystals formed around a ___________

inflammatory resonse

grossly gout appears __________

chalky and white

deposition of calcium salts in tissue other than bone is known as what?

pathologic calcification

what are the types of pathologic calcification

• dystrophic

• metastatic

You see calcification of normal tissue which would leave you to think it is what type

metastatic calcification

You see calcification of diseased tissue which would leave you to think it is what type

dystrophic calcification

metastatic calcification is often accompanied by what?

elevated serum calcium

unoxygenated hemoglobin is known as ___________ and has what color pigmentation

• cyanosis

• blue

iron storage pigment is known as _________ and is mostly stored in the __________

• hemosiderin

• spleen

in fresh tissue a way to stain amyloid is to use ____________ an it will stain __________

• lugols iodine

• black