European Absolutism (1600 CE - 1763 CE)

These flashcards cover key concepts and historical events related to European Absolutism from 1600 CE to 1763 CE.

What is absolutism?

A form of monarchy where one leader has supreme authority, not restricted by any written laws, legislature, or customs.

Who was King Henri IV?

An ex-Huguenot King who helped win the French Wars of Religion and restored the French government.

What significant reform did Cardinal Richelieu implement?

He consolidated power for the crown by eliminating Protestant ‘places of safety’ and undermining the nobility's local influence.

What did Louis XIV state about his role as king?

He famously said, 'I am the state'.

What was the Spanish Armada?

A fleet of over 130 ships sent by Philip II of Spain in 1588 aimed at invading England, which was ultimately crushed.

What document limited the power of King John of England?

The Magna Carta (1216), which put the king under the power of law.

What was the outcome of the English Civil War (1641-1649)?

Charles I surrendered to Parliament's forces, leading to the execution of Charles and the temporary abolition of the monarchy.

Who was Oliver Cromwell?

The leader of the 'Ironside Army' during the English Civil War, who sought to end the monarchy and executed Charles I.

What event marked the consolidation of absolutism in France?

The completion of the Palace of Versailles in 1682 under King Louis XIV.

What was the 'Petition of Right'?

A document written by Parliament to limit Charles I's power and prevent him from circumventing their authority.

What is the Divine Right of Kings?

The political and religious doctrine that a monarch's authority comes directly from God, making them unaccountable to any earthly authority.

What was the Edict of Nantes?

A decree issued by Henri IV in 1598 granting religious tolerance to Huguenots, which helped end the French Wars of Religion.

Who were the Huguenots?

French Protestants who followed the teachings of John Calvin and were frequently persecuted before and after the Edict of Nantes.

What was the Glorious Revolution (1688)?

The bloodless overthrow of King James II of England, replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange.

What did the English Bill of Rights (1689) establish?

It limited the power of the monarchy and established the supremacy of Parliament, creating a constitutional monarchy.

What was 'The Fronde'?

A series of civil wars in France (1648–1653) where nobles rebelled against royal authority, ultimately strengthening Louis XIV’s resolve to rule absolutely.

Who were the Intendants?

Royal officials appointed by the French crown to provinces to collect taxes, recruit soldiers, and enforce the king's policies.

What is Constitutionalism?

A form of government in which power is limited by law and balanced between the authority of the government and the rights of its citizens.

What was the Cavalier vs. Roundhead conflict?

The English Civil War struggle between the 'Cavaliers' (supported the King) and the 'Roundheads' (supported Parliament).