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what is an incidental forgetting?
memory failures occurring without the intention to forget.
what is highly superior autobiographical memory?
this term refers to individuals who have exceptional memory for life events, often showing little apparent forgetting of even trivial occurrences many years later, and an uncanny ability to retrieve memories by their precise date.
theorized to be based on superior functional communication between prefrontal cortex and hippocampus
what is the forgetting curve/retention function?
The logarithmic decline in memory retention as a function of time elapsed, first described by Ebbinghaus.
what is the accessibility/availability distinction?
Accessibility refers to the ease with which a stored memory can be retrieved at a given point in time. Availability refers to the binary distinction indicated whether a trace is or is not stored in memory
what is reconsolidation?
The process by which a consolidated memory restabilizes again after being reactivated by reminders. During the reconsolidation window, a memory is vulnerable to disruption.
what is interference?
The phenomenon in which the retrieval of a memory can be disrupted by the presence of related traces in memory
what is trace decay?
The gradual weakening of memories resulting from the mere passage of time
what is infantile amnesia?
tendency for people to have few autobiographical memories from below the age of 5
what is contextual fluctuation?
The gradual and persistent drift in incidental context over time, such that distant memories deviate from the current context more so than newer memories, thereby diminishing the former’s potency as a retrieval cue for older memories
what is competition assumption?
the theoretical proposition that the memories associated to a shared retrieval cue automatically impede one another’s retrieval when the cue is presented
what is the cue-overload principle?
the observed tendency for recall success to decrease as the number of to-be-remembered items associated to a cue increases
what is retroactive interference?
The tendency for more recently acquired information to impede retrieval of similar older memories
what is proactive interference?
the tendency for earlier memories to disrupt the retrievability of more recent memories
what is part-set cuing impairment?
when presenting part of a set of items (e.g., a category, a mental list of movies you want to rent) hinders your ability to recall the remaining items in the set
what is collaborative inhibition?
a phenomenon in which a group of individuals remembers significantly less material collectively then does the combined performance of each group member individually when recalling alone
what is retrieval induced forgetting?
The tendency for the retrieval of some target items from long-term memory to impair the later ability to recall other items related to those targets
what is associative blocking?
a theoretical process hypothesized to explain interference effects during retrieval, according to which a cue fails to elicit a target trace because it repeatedly elicits a stronger competitor, leading people to abandon efforts to retrieve the target
what is unlearning?
the proposition that the associative bond linking a stimulus to a memory trace will be weakened when the trace is retrieved in error when a different trace is sought
