Supreme Court Cases - Baker (4th Period)

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

doctrine of judicial review is established.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)

upheld the validity of contracts (with reference to an attempt to change the charter of Dartmouth College).

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Congress could charter a bank under the 'necessary and proper' clause of the Constitution.

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

the federal government has the authority to regulate interstate commerce.

Worcester v. Georgia (1832)

federal jurisdiction over Indian affairs is absolute, leaving no room for state authority; generally ignored by Georgia.

Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)

Congress cannot prohibit slavery in the territories; blacks are not citizens.

Texas v. White (1869)

states cannot secede from the Union.

United States v. E.C. Knight Company (1888)

Sherman Anti-Trust Act does not apply to a trust that refined over 90% of the sugar sold in the US; later eroded by other decisions.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

announced the acceptance of the doctrine of 'separate but equal'.

Insular Cases (1901)

territories gained in the Spanish American War were no longer to be considered 'foreign countries' but neither were they assumed to be a part of the US; as territories they were ruled by Congress.

Northern Securities Company v. US (1904)

A holding company formed for the express purpose of limiting competition is guilty of restraint of trade and in violation of the federal antitrust acts.

Lochner v. New York (1905)

overturned a law limiting the number of hours a company may require a worker to work; said it infringed on the freedom of contracts.

Muller v. Oregon (1908)

upheld an Oregon law limiting the number of hours women could be employed in industry; to safeguard their childbearing ability.

Bunting v. Oregon (1917)

extended the above ruling to include all industrial workers (10 hour day); overturned Lochner v. New York.

Schenck v. United States (1919)

freedom of speech may be curtailed if expressing such speech would pose a 'clear and present danger' to others or to the state.

Schechter Poultry Corporation v. U.S. (1935)

declared the NIRA unconstitutional.

US v. Butler (1936)

declared the Agricultural Adjustment Act unconstitutional.

Smith v. Allwright (1944)

outlawed practices like the 'all-white' primary in choosing state and national officials.

Korematsu v. US (1944)

upheld the 1942 removal of Japanese-Americans to relocation centers in internment camps; validated within the combined war powers of Congress.

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas (1954)

overturned the 'separate but equal' ruling in Plessy; mandated that segregated facilities be eliminated 'with all deliberate speed'.

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

ended prayer in public schools.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

guaranteed defendants a court-appointed attorney if they were unable to pay for their own.

Griswold v. Connecticut (1965)

struck down birth control regulation as an impermissible invasion of privacy.

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

expanded the above ruling by adding that a suspect must also be informed of his right to remain silent.

Roe v. Wade (1973)

legalized abortion through the second trimester of pregnancy.