AP Psych Unit 1 Intro + Personality

Psychology

The science of human behavior and mental process

Psychodynamic

Behavior and thinking are directly related to repressed unconscious forces from childhood

Cognitive

Behavior are performed because of ideas and thoughts, perception, language, memory, and thinking

Behavioral

Behavior due to environment, measurable/observable, conditioning: classical and operant

Biological

genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters contribute to our thoughts, feelings, and actions

Evolutionary

natural selection, adaptive behaviors/tastes, higher chance of survival and reproduction

Humanistic

Free will, self awareness, and personal growth, “rational beings”, self actualization

Sociocultural

Development occurs through interactions with others and within a specific cultural context

Trait Theory

measurement of consistent patterns of individuals behavior, thoughts, and emotions.

Factor Analysis

identifies clusters of test items to identify one trait

show in personality inventories

Gordon Allport

Researched 4000+ traits people are born with

You have them or you don’t

MBTI - Myers Briggs Type Indicator

Describe personality characteristics based of Carl Jung

MMPI - Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory

567 T/F Questions

Personality traits and psychopathology

Test people who are suspected of having mental health or emotional disorders

Eysenck - Simpler Model

Extraversion/Introversion

Emotional Stability/Instability (Neurotic)

Big 5 Personality

OCEAN

Openness

open to experiences, high: creative/flexible, low: hate change

Conscientiousness

Hard Workers, overachievers, detail oriented, high: attentive/detailed, low: procrastinates/careless

Extraversion

more sociable people, high: sociable, low: reserved

Agreeableness

trustworthy, positive, happy, high: trusting/helpful, low: ruthless

Neuroticism

moody, i’ll tempered, high: moody/stress, low: calm/relaxed

Internal Locus of Control

-own destiny, self controlled

External Locus of Control

-luck, fate, they control (outsiders)

Self Serving Bias

our readiness to perceive ourselves favorably

Spotlight Effect

belief you are being noticed more than you really are

Self Esteem

stagnant: extent to which you value yourself

Self Efficacy

sense of competence and confidence in specific task

Real Self

perception of self

Ideal Self

who you would like to be

incongruence

real self and ideal self does not match

congruence

real self and ideal self do overlap

Unconditional Positive Regard

full acceptance of others no matter the cause

Conditions of Worth

explicit standards for acceptance and love

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality

Free Association

to say whatever came to their mind to tap the unconscious

Projective Tests

Evaluation assessments of personality through free association

Rorschach Ink Blot

Identify people’s inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of ink blots

Thematic Apperception Test

Express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes

Id

lives in the unconscious

evil

impulsive, responds directly and immediately to basic urges, needs, and desires,

operates on the pleasure principle: revive instant gratification, “I want it now”

Ego

mediates between the id and superego, operating primarily at the conscious level

reality principle: delay demands of the id to a more appropriate time

Super ego

moral component of the psyche, representing internalized societal values

morality principle: internalized need to comply with authority, “You can’t have it, its not right”