A&P Exam #5 Study

Central Nervous system (CNS)

Brain and Spinal cord

Sympathetic Response

Starts the flight or fight response

Parasympathetic

Rest and Digest

Myelin

the white fatty substance that covers some axons

Myelin is produced by

the Schwann cells

Nerves covered with myelin are called

White matter

Nerves without myelin are called

Gray matter

Sensory Neurons

Carry the message from the senses to the brain

Tactile

touch

Motor Neurons

Carry the message from the brain to the extremities

Cerebrum

Processes thoughts, judgement, memory, problem solving and language

Frontal lobe

motor functions, personality and speech

Parietal lobe

Interprets nerve impulses and language

Occipital Lobe

controls vision

Temporal lobe

Controls hearing and smell

Midbrain

Conduction pathway between brain and spinal cord

Pons

connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

Medulla Oblongata

control center

Medulla Oblongata controls-

Respiration, heart rate, temperature, blood pressure

Meninges

Outer covering of the brain

Olfactory Nerve

sense of smell

Hypoglossal Nerve

tongue movement

Epilepsy

Recurrent disorder of the brain causing seizures

Concussion

A shaking up of the brain with symptoms lasting 24 hours or less

Paralysis

Temporary of permanent loss of feeling, function and voluntary movement

Shingles

Painful eruption of blisters along a nerve path caused by the reactivation of the Herpes Zoster virus. (Chicken Pox)

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Recording of the electrical activity of the brain

Echoencephalography

Ultrasound scan of the brain

Cephal/o

head

Encephal/o

brain

Gli/o

glue

Myel/o

Spinal cord

Neur/o

Nerve

Phas/o, -phasia

speech

Poli/o

gray matter

-algesia

pain, sensitivity

-esthesia

feeling, sensation

-geusia

sense of taste

-paresis

weakness

-plegia

paralysis

-taxia

muscle coordination

Rods

Photoreceptors that interpret black and white or night vision

Cones

Photoreceptors responsible for color or daytime vision

glaucoma

Increased eye pressure

Average vision

20/20

Legal Driving vision

20/50

Legal Blindness

20/200

Tympanic Membrane

eardrum, separates external and middle ear

Ossicles

the three small bones of the ear

Malleus

The first and largest bone of the Ossicles

Incus

The second and longest bone of the ossicles

Stapes

Third and smallest bone of the ossicles

The ossicles are

pressed up against the oval window

Semicircular canals

Responsible for the sense of balance

Ambly/o

dull,dim

Aque/o

water

Blephar/o

eyelid

Chrom/o

color

Dipl/o

double

Kerat/o

cornea

Lacrim/o

tears

Ocul/o, Ophthalm/o, Optic/o

Eye

opt/o, -opia

eye, vision

Nycatal/o

night

papill/o

optic disc

Phac/o

lens

Phot/o

light

Py/o

pus

Presby/o

old age

vitre/o

glassy

Acous/o, Audi/o

hearing

Aur/o, Ot/o

ear

Myring/o

eardrum

Salping/o

Eustachian Tube

Tympan/o

eardrum, middle ear

-metrist

one who measures vision

-opia

vision

-tropia

to turn

-cusis

ear, hearing

-otia

condition