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Plasma
The fluid portion of uncoltted blood
When analyzing the fluid portion of unclotted blood, known as ______, we might anticipate finding solid materials suspended in it.
Plasma
When developing immunoassay testing for drugs, the prepared drug-protein complex acts as a/an _________, stimulating the production of antibodies.
Antigen
To answer the question of whether or not a discovered stain might be blood, a criminalist might rely upon ______ tests that require the observation of hemoglobin possessing peroxidase-like activity
Color
For a stain already determined to be blood, a criminalist might use a ______ test to determine the species of the blood, which employs the use of a natural polymer known as "agar."
Gel diffuison
A fabric stain that appears to have a whitish, crusty appearance is most likely to be a ______ stain.
Seminal
In order for a criminalist to determine whether a suspected stain is semen and not derived from contraceptive creams, vaginal secretions, or fruit juices, an acid phosphatase test reaction time is less than _______ seconds is expected.
30
When collecting _____ evidence from a sexual assault victim, it is recommended to use a swab moistened with distilled water on a suspected area, followed by a second dry swab rotated over the same area and packaged together.
Saliva
What is the evidentiary purpose of taking a urine test from a sexual assault victim quickly after the suspected occurrence?
To determine the presence of substances such as Rohpnol or GHB
Genes are located on which threadlike structure in the cell nucleus?
Chromosomes
When mapping DNA, if a criminalist observes a/an _______, they know that the sex of the person is male.
Short chromosomes
DNA _____ are enzymes that assemble a new DNA strand in the proper base sequence determined by the original DNA strand.
polymerases
As a means of distinguishing one individual from another through DNA typing, genetics focus on ________, which are non-coding regions of the DNA.
Short tandem repeats
What is found outside the nucleus of a cell and is inherited solely from the mother?
Mitochondrial DNA
In linking serial crimes to one another, investigators make use of CODIS to match crime-scene DNA evidence to _______.
Known offenders
To avoid the growth of bacteria and fungi, biological evidence should be packaged in _______.
a paoer bag
What can occur when extraneous DNA is introduced onto an item during the collection process, or when evidence items are incorrectly placed in contact with one another during packaging?
Contamination
What is the clumping-together of red blood cells because of an antibody?
Aggulation
Color testing should be considered ________ in nature.
Presumptive
When a criminalist is testing for blood, what type of test are they performing if they use a Takayama?
Microcrystalline
Which of the following is considered a color test for blood?
Kastle-meyer
A criminalist might utilize a mapping technique to search large pieces of fabric for the presence of the enzyme _______, which is found in high concentrations in seminal fluid.
Acid phosphatase
The p30 protein, also known as _____, is used in testing for seminal fluids.
PSA
An examiner observing the presence of motile sperm from vaginal samples taken from victim can reasonably conclude that intercourse had most likely occurred within what time frame?
6 hours
Which of the following procedures should be performed by a medical professional to collect evidence from a victim related to a sexual assault that included touching, kissing, and licking, but no form of penetration?
swabbing of bady areas
What is a microscopic unit of heredity that controls the development of a specific characteristic in a new individual?
Gene
If a gene pair consists of two matching genes, it is said to be ______.
Homozgous
What is the technique for replicating or copying a portion of a DNA strand outside of a living cell?
Polymerase chain reaction
What process is the most efficient way to copy short tandem repeats (STRs)?
multiplexing
A forensic scientist looking to identify the badly charred remains of a bombing attack victim would most likely use ____.
mitochondiral DNA
What is the outer layer of skin cells, often found inside a glove or on the handle of a weapon located at the scene of a crime?
epithelial cells
What is the least intrusive method for obtaining a DNA reference sample?
buccal swab
What is unique about shotguns compared to other guns?
The barrel of a shotgun is smooth, without grooves and lands
What type of guns use the force of the gas produced during firing to eject the spent cartridge case, load a new round, and cock the firing component?
semiautomatic rifles
