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Glycosidic Bond, Phosphodiester Bond
Bond Types in Nucleotides
Glycosidic Bond
Joins the base and sugar in a nucleotide.
Phosphodiester Bond
Joins phosphate and sugar in a nucleotide chain, specifically between carbon 3 of the sugar and the oxygen of the phosphate group. This bond is not affected by changes to the base.
Hydrolysis
Chemical breakdown of nucleotides, affected by pH and temperature, leading to depurination or total breakdown.
Disch Diphenylamine Test
A chemical test used to detect the presence of deoxyribose in DNA.
Fehling's Test
A test for identifying reducing sugars, like certain pentoses, based on the presence of aldehyde or ketone groups.
Bial's Test
A test specifically for pentoses, yielding a distinctive blue or green color if positive.
Purine Bases Test
A test for detecting adenine and guanine, where purine bases react to form a precipitate.
Phosphate Test
A chemical test to detect free phosphate groups in a solution.
Depurination
pH > 3.
Breaks glycosidic bonds.
Products: Purine base and deoxyribose with phosphate.
Total Breakdown
pH < 2 with heat.
Breaks glycosidic and phosphodiester bonds.
Products: Phosphate, purine/pyrimidine base, deoxyribose.
Disch Diphenylamine Test
Hydrolyzed: Bright blue (positive).
Unhydrolyzed: Brownish-blue
Fehling’s Test
Hydrolyzed: Brick-red precipitate (positive).
Unhydrolyzed: Blue, no precipitate (negative).
Bial’s Test
Hydrolyzed: Bluish to light green solution (positive).
Unhydrolyzed: Brown solution (negative).
Purine Bases Test
Hydrolyzed: Gelatinous white precipitate (positive).
Unhydrolyzed: Brown solution (negative).
Phosphate Test
Hydrolyzed: Yellow precipitate (positive).
Unhydrolyzed: No precipitate (negative)
