Computer Components

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What is hardware

all the parts of the computer that we can touch. ex: the tower, monitor, mouse, keyboard, GPU, CPU, Motherboard, RAM, etc.

what is software

A set of instructions that allow the computer to carry out specific operations

what are external components

components that are outside and accessible to the user with the need to pull or open anything.

what are some examples of external components

ex: mouse, keyboard, monitor, printer

what are internal components

components located inside the tower or on the motherboard.

what are some examples of internal components

ex: motherboard, hard drive, CPU, RAM, ROM, etc.

what is the motherboard

the hub that connects all the internal components

what is the bus system

a communication system that transfers data between components on the motherboard

what is RAM

• Random Access Memory.

• The memory used to run all programs and applications.

• Is Volatile

What is volatile

memory that requires an active power source to store data

what is the CPU

the Central processing unit. which controls all the peripheral devices, does all the calculating.

Where is the CPU located

it is on the motherboard, in the CPU socket

What are the 3 components of the CPU

1. the ALU (arithmetic and logic unit)

2. the CU (control unit)

3. Cache

describe the 3 components of a CPU

• The ALU preforms arithmetic and logic operations (math)

• The CU directs operations; tells hardware how to respond to a set of instructions

• Cache is the CPU’s own memory; runs processes that would take RAM too long to run and wait for

What is Cache and Ram measured in and their relation

Cache is measured in Gigahertz

Ram is measured in Megahertz

1 Gigahertz = 1,000 megahertz

What are the 3 levels of Cache and their significance

L1, L2, and L3

1. L1 runs faster than all levels (same speed as cache)

2. L2 runs faster than RAM but not the fastest

3. L3 runs the same speed as RAM

What is the Machine Cycle

1. Fetch - retrieve(fetch) an instruction from the memory

2. Decode - translate(decode) the retrieved instructions into a series of computer commpands

3. Execute - execute the computer commands

4. Store - send and write the results back in memory

What is the tower

the outer shell that protects computer wires and internal components from damage, electrostatic discharge, and harmful problems

what are expansion slots

sockets or slots on the motherboard where you can connect expansion cards

what are expansion cards

which provide additional features to a computer such as video, sound, advanced graphics, ethernet, or memory.

what is a PCI and PCIe

peripheral component interconnect (express)

They are interfaces used to connect hardware devices to a computer's motherboard.

What is a USB

universial serial bus

What is a SSD

solid state drive

What is the north and south bridge

an integrated circuit that manage communication between the CPU and other components.

They are obsolete and replaced by the chip set

what is the north bridge

an integrated circuit used for communication directly between the CPU interface, AGP, and the memory

what is the south bridge

an integrated circuit on the motherboard responsible for the hard drive controller, I/O controller, and integrated hardware.

What are some examples of integrated hardware

the sound card and video card if on the motherboard, USB, PCI, ISA, IDE, BIOS, and Ethernet

What is BIOS

A ROM chip that activates when you turn on your pc and power it up

what is the IDE connecter

integrated drive electronics are used to connect hard drives and optical drives to a computer motherboard.

what are SATA parts

Serial advanced technology attachment

Where does the CPU go

the CPU socket

Where does RAM go

the Ram slot

Where does the PCI or PCIe go

in the PCI or PCIe slot

what is the power supply

• It conducts electricity from AC to DC and vice versa.

• It makes it so that components will get the exact amount they need

• has different power cables for different components

• ensures the motherboard and case is powered

What is power measured by

WATTS

what is the CMOS Battery

keeps certain components (ex: ROM) running after power is off

what are important parts of the Mother Board Diagram

idk