Exploring Mixtures and Their Separation

This flashcard set covers the basic definitions of mixtures, their classifications (solutions, colloids, suspensions), solubility factors, and various laboratory separation techniques mentioned in the lecture notes.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that do not react chemically.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture with uniform composition throughout; also called solutions, such as Sugar + Water or Salt + Water.

Heterogeneous Mixture

A mixture with non-uniform composition where components are visible, such as Sand + Water or Oil + Water.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture with very small particles that is transparent and exhibits no settling of particles.

Colloid

A mixture that appears homogeneous but is actually heterogeneous, shows the Tyndall effect, and contains particles that do not settle down (e.g., Milk, Fog, Smoke).

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture with visible particles that settle down and can be separated by filtration (e.g., Sand or Mud in water).

Concentration

The amount of solute present in a given amount of solution.

Solubility

The ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a solvent, which depends on temperature and the nature of the substances.

Factors Affecting Solubility

The nature of solute and solvent, Temperature, and Pressure (specifically for gases).

Filtration

A separation method used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid, such as Sand + Water.

Centrifugation

A method used to separate very fine insoluble particles from a liquid, such as separating blood components.

Crystallisation

A method used to obtain pure crystals of a soluble solid from its solution, such as obtaining salt from a salt solution.

Sublimation

A method used to separate a sublimable solid from non-sublimable impurities, such as Camphor or Naphthalene.

Distillation

A separation method for two miscible liquids having different boiling points; also used to purify sea water.

Separating Funnel

A tool used to separate two immiscible liquids, such as Oil and Water.

Paper Chromatography

A method used to separate mixtures of coloured substances such as dyes, inks, and pigments.