1840~1920

dexterity

재주 / the ability to think and act quickly and cleverly / agility, nimbleness / Her dexterity with the paintbrush made her artwork stand out in the gallery.

blasphemy

신성모독 / irreverence; an insult to something held sacred / profanity, sacrilege / His comments were seen as blasphemy by the deeply religious community.

subservient

종속적인 / excessively submissive or obedient / submissive, compliant / She refused to play a subservient role in the team and asserted her ideas boldly.

erudition

박식 / the quality of having or showing great knowledge / scholarship, learning / The professor’s erudition impressed even the most seasoned scholars.

latent

잠재적인 / existing but not yet developed or manifest / dormant, hidden / His latent musical talent became apparent only after years of practice.

pious

경건한 / deeply religious / devout, reverent / The pious woman attended mass every morning before work.

manifold

무수한 / many and various / numerous, diverse / The project faced manifold challenges that required innovative solutions.

delineate

~을 정의하다 / to describe in detail / depict, outline / The architect delineated the blueprint with precise measurements.

aberration

일탈 / a deviation / anomaly, divergence / The sudden snowstorm in May was an aberration from the usual weather.

voluble

유창한 / talking a lot in an energetic way / loquacious, talkative / The voluble host kept the audience entertained for hours.

distort

왜곡하다 / to alter out of shape / twist, misrepresent / The media distorted his words to fit a controversial narrative.

moribund

쇠퇴하는 / in terminal decline / dying, decaying / The moribund industry struggled to adapt to new technology.

desiccate (desiccated)

건조시키다 (건조한) / to dry out / dehydrate, parch / The botanist preserved the plant by desiccating its leaves.

malice

악의 / a desire to cause harm / spite, malevolence / He acted with malice when he sabotaged the experiment.

hoist

들어올리다 / to raise with ropes or machinery / lift, elevate / The workers hoisted the flag onto the tall pole.

cadence

운율 / a rhythm or sound pattern / tempo, rhythm / The poem’s cadence gave it a musical and flowing quality.

curmudgeon

심술궂은 사람 / a bad-tempered person / grouch, grump / The old curmudgeon shouted at the kids for being too loud.

largesse

후함 / generosity in bestowing money / generosity, philanthropy / Her largesse funded scholarships for dozens of students.

bona fide

진실한 / genuine; done in good faith / authentic, sincere / The document was verified as a bona fide government record.

demean

위신을 떨어뜨리다 / to lower in status / degrade, belittle / His cruel joke demeaned his classmate in front of everyone.

myriad

무수한 / countless or extremely large / innumerable, countless / The night sky was filled with a myriad of stars.

carefree

근심 걱정 없는 / free of worry / lighthearted, relaxed / Their carefree laughter echoed across the beach.

provision

제공된 것; 법이나 계약서에 명시된 부분 / things that are provided (usually articles in a contract or law) / clause, supply / The contract includes a provision that allows for early termination under certain conditions.

ridicule

조롱하다 / to mock or humiliate / mock, deride / The comedian ridiculed the celebrity for wearing a bizarre outfit.

forlorn

외로운 / lonely, abandoned, hopeless / desolate, miserable / The forlorn puppy waited by the door for its owner’s return.

ballyhoo

과장되게 홍보하거나 소란을 피우는 것 / sensational advertising / hype, commotion / The film didn’t live up to the ballyhoo surrounding its release.

quaint

(매력적으로) 진기한 / old-fashioned and charming / old-fashioned, picturesque / The village had a quaint charm with cobblestone streets.

notorious

악명 높은 / widely and unfavorably known / infamous, disreputable / The gangster was notorious for his violent history.

ambiguity

애매함 / uncertainty / vagueness, obscurity / The contract’s ambiguity led to several legal disputes.

jollity

유쾌함 / lively celebration / merriment, gaiety / The jollity at the festival was contagious.

emend

수정하다 / to correct a written text / revise, edit / The editor emended the article before publication.

appeased

달래다 / to satisfy or calm / pacify, placate / She appeased the crying baby with a soft lullaby.

bauble

값싼 장신구 / a gaudy trinket / trinket, trifle / He bought a plastic bauble from the gift shop.

euphony

우아한 소리 / pleasant sound / harmony, melody / The euphony of her voice captivated the audience.

tempest

폭풍 / a state of disorder / storm, turmoil / The political debate turned into a tempest of accusations.

tyranny

독재 / oppressive rule / despotism, autocracy / The people revolted against years of tyranny.

transmute

변화시키다 / to alter in form / transform, convert / Alchemists tried to transmute metals into gold.

subsequent

후속하는, 뒤따르는 / following in time or order / ensuing, succeeding / The subsequent chapters of the book explore the consequences of his decision.

traitor

반역자 / one who betrays / betrayer, turncoat / The soldier was branded a traitor for sharing secrets.

hinder

방해하다 / to prevent progress / obstruct, impede / The broken bridge hindered the rescue operation.

recalcitrant

반항적인 / uncooperative attitude / defiant, rebellious / The recalcitrant student refused to follow instructions.

fanatic

광신자 / overly enthusiastic person / zealot, extremist / The fanatic followed the celebrity obsessively.

engage

참여하다 / to become involved / participate, involve / Students must engage with the material to learn deeply.

tendency

성향 / inclination or disposition / inclination, proclivity / She has a tendency to procrastinate before deadlines.

sarcasm

비꼼 / ironic expression / irony, mockery / His sarcasm made it hard to know when he was serious.

bivouac

야영 / temporary camp / encampment, camp / The soldiers set up a bivouac in the forest.

droll

우스운 / comically unusual / whimsical, amusing / His droll expression made everyone laugh.

well-positioned to

~하기에 유리한 위치에 있는 / in an advantageous spot / suited, poised / With her experience, she is well-positioned to lead the team.

invidious

불쾌한 / causing resentment / offensive, envious / His invidious remark caused tension in the room.

abstain

삼가다 / to refrain voluntarily / refrain, withhold / She abstained from voting to remain neutral.

homily

설교 / a sermon / sermon, lecture / The priest gave a moving homily about compassion.

prognosticate

예언하다 / to predict / forecast, predict / Experts prognosticate a rise in global temperatures.

self-made

자력으로 성공한 / successful without help / independent, self-reliant / He is a self-made millionaire with no formal education.

finesse

솜씨 / subtle skill or craft / skill, tact / She handled the negotiation with remarkable finesse.

lobby

로비하다 / to urge legislation / advocate, campaign / They lobbied for changes to the environmental laws.

misleading

오도하는 / deceiving / deceptive, false / The advertisement was found to be misleading by regulators.

commiserate

동정하다 / to express sympathy / sympathize, empathize / I called to commiserate after hearing the bad news.

junta

군사정부 / ruling group after a coup / regime, council / The junta took control after overthrowing the elected leader.

retort

반박하다 / to reply sharply / reply, rebut / “That’s not true,” he retorted quickly.

abnormal

비정상의 / not typical / irregular, deviant / His abnormal test results worried the doctors.

melancholy

우울 / gloomy and depressed / sadness, gloom / A feeling of melancholy settled over her as autumn arrived.

genteel

우아한 / refined and polite / refined, elegant / The genteel hostess offered tea in fine china.

resonate

공감하다 / to evoke emotion / echo, strike a chord / Her speech resonated with many struggling students.

guile

교활함 / sly intelligence / cunning, deceit / He used guile to manipulate the outcome of the deal.

courtesy

예의 / polite behavior / politeness, civility / She thanked the waiter with genuine courtesy.

prerogative

특권 / exclusive right / privilege, entitlement / Education should be a right, not a prerogative.

effectual

효과적인 / producing the desired result / effective, efficient / The new law proved effectual in reducing crime.

cordial

다정한 / pleasantly friendly / warm, affable / They shared a cordial greeting after years apart.

adherent

추종자 / a supporter / follower, advocate / He was a loyal adherent to the political cause.

demography

인구 통계학 / population statistics study / population study, census / The demography of the city changed rapidly after immigration.

persevere

계속하다 / to persist despite difficulty / persist, endure / She persevered through the challenges of starting a business.

cohort

그룹 / group with shared characteristics / group, companion / The research focused on a cohort of college freshmen.

zestful

열정적인 / full of energy and enthusiasm / enthusiastic, spirited / The young performer gave a zestful and lively recital.

knavery

사기 / dishonest dealing / trickery, deceit / The con artist’s knavery fooled even the most cautious investors.

sustenance

생존에 필요한 것 / nourishment or support / nourishment, livelihood / The villagers relied on fishing for daily sustenance.

shroud

뒤덮다 / to cover or conceal / cloak, veil / The fog shrouded the city in eerie silence.

deflate

붕괴하다 / to release air / collapse, diminish / Her confidence deflated after the criticism.

grandiose

웅장한 / absurdly exaggerated / pretentious, pompous / His grandiose plans were unrealistic and costly.

trace

추적하다 / to follow the flow / track, outline / Investigators traced the virus to a local restaurant.

discord

불화 / lack of harmony / conflict, strife / There was discord among the committee members.

desiccated

건조한, 쥐어짠 / dried up, dehydrated / arid, withered / The desiccated flowers crumbled at the slightest touch.

provisional

잠정적인; 임시의 / not finalized; temporary / temporary, interim / The committee issued a provisional report pending further investigation.

subsequently

그 후에 / afterward; later on / later, thereafter / He graduated from college and subsequently moved to New York for work.