Tudors and Stuarts (15th-17th Century)

English Reformation

Henry VIII's desire for a male heir led to the break with Rome and the establishment of the Church of England.

Protestantism

A central theme throughout the Tudor period, contrasting with Catholicism.

Power Struggle

The conflict for control between the monarch and the nobility.

Alliances

Important for securing power and legitimacy, often through marriages.

Monarchy Succession

Tudor monarchs' focus on producing male heirs to secure the dynasty's future.

Religion Identity

Tudors played a role in shaping English national identity through the English Reformation.

Cultural Patronage

Tudor court was a hub for cultural and artistic support.

Renaissance Influence

Renaissance humanism had an impact on Tudor culture and politics.

Foreign Policy

Tudors had complex relationships with European powers like France and Spain.

Social Hierarchy

Tudor England had a rigid social structure with the monarch at the top.

Women's Roles

Significance of women like Margaret Beaufort and Elizabeth I in Tudor politics.

Economy Growth

Trade and commerce expanded during the Tudor period.

Legacy

Tudors left a lasting impact on English history, politics, and culture.

Church of England

Established by the Tudors, breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church.

Monarchy Strengthening

Tudors consolidated power, making the monarchy dominant in England.

Parliament Development

Tudors worked with Parliament to pass laws and establish it as a key part of English government.

Privy Council

Established by the Tudors as a key advisory body to the monarch.

Centralization of Power

The process of consolidating power in a central authority, as done by the Tudors in London.

English Renaissance

A period of cultural flourishing in England, supported by the Tudors.

William Shakespeare

Prominent English playwright and poet supported by the Tudors.

Globe Theatre

An institution for drama encouraged by the Tudors.

Hampton Court Palace

Grand architectural project commissioned by the Tudors.

Middle Class

Social class that grew prosperous under Tudor economic policies.

Elizabeth I

Tudor queen who played a significant political role.

Trade and Commerce

Economic activities encouraged by the Tudors.

Wars of the Roses

Dynastic conflict leading to the rise of the Tudors.

Hans Holbein

Artist supported by the Tudors.

Enclosure Movement

Transformation of English agriculture due to Tudor policies.

Margaret Beaufort

Woman who played an important political role during the Tudor era.

Henry Tudor

Descendant of the Lancastrian line who claimed the throne after the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485.

Tudor Dynasty

Established through Henry Tudor's marriage to Elizabeth of York, uniting rival houses.

Henry VII

First Tudor monarch who worked on consolidating power and reducing debt.

Financial Reforms

Introduced by Henry VII to improve royal finances through new taxes and customs system.

Henry VIII

Monarch who initiated the English Reformation to divorce his first wife and establish the Church of England.

Thomas More and John Fisher

Executed by Henry VIII for refusing to recognize his supremacy over the Church.

Dissolution of the Monasteries

Henry VIII's seizure of monastic lands to finance military campaigns and consolidate power.

Edward VI

Tudor monarch who further established Protestantism in England.

Mary I

Also known as Bloody Mary, attempted to restore Catholicism in England.

Golden Age of English Culture

Flourishing period during Elizabeth I's reign with notable writers like Shakespeare and Marlowe.

Tudors

Significant role in developing English language and culture

National Identity

Established by Tudors in England

Union of Crowns

England and Scotland under James I

ine Right of Kings

Monarchs appointed by God

Absolute Monarchy

Monarch with complete control

Constitutional Monarchy

Monarch's power limited by law and Parliament

Parliamentary Power

Growing influence in government

Triennial Act

Parliament to meet every three years

Bill of Rights

Established rights for English citizens

Act of Settlement

Rules of succession to the throne

Puritanism

Protestant movement to reform Church of England

Catholicism

Religion of Stuart monarchs

Toleration Act

Freedom of worship to non-Anglican Protestants

English Civil War

Conflict between Charles I and Parliament

Interregnum

Period of republic in England

Restoration

Return of monarchy with Charles II

Glorious Revolution

Overthrow of James II

War of the Spanish Succession

Global conflict involving England

Mercantilism

Policy to increase national wealth through trade

East India Company

Significant role in British colonial expansion

South Sea Company

Led to financial crisis

Navigation Acts

Regulated trade in England and colonies

Renaissance Humanism

Emphasized classical learning and individualism

Puritan Values

Emphasized hard work and simplicity

Restoration Comedy

Genre of comedy during Restoration period

Coffeehouses

Places for exchange of ideas and news

Scientific Revolution

Period of scientific discovery

Isaac Newton

Developed laws of motion and gravitation

Royal Society

Promoted scientific inquiry

Navigation and Cartography

Advances in exploration and trade

British Empire

Expansion in North America, Caribbean, and Asia

Colonial Administration

System of government in British colonies

Slavery

Institution in British colonies

Political Impacts

Stuarts established constitutional monarchy principles

Parliamentary Sovereignty

Recognition of Parliament's authority in British politics

British Colonization

Establishment of colonies in North America, the Caribbean, and Asia

Modern Britain

Foundations laid by the Stuarts for modern British society

James I

Union of Crowns and Divine Right of Kings

Charles I

Personal Rule and English Civil War

Charles II

Restoration period and Great Fire of London

James II

Overthrown in the Glorious Revolution due to Catholicism

William III and Mary II

Ruled after the Glorious Revolution and passed the Bill of Rights

Anne

Reign during the War of the Spanish Succession

Land fights

England fights alongside European allies against France and Spain (1701-1714)

Union with Scotland

Unites England and Scotland under a single government (1707)

End of Stuart Dynasty

Queen Anne dies without an heir, ending the Stuart dynasty

George I

First monarch of the House of Hanover, beginning a new dynasty