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English Reformation
Henry VIII's desire for a male heir led to the break with Rome and the establishment of the Church of England.
Protestantism
A central theme throughout the Tudor period, contrasting with Catholicism.
Power Struggle
The conflict for control between the monarch and the nobility.
Alliances
Important for securing power and legitimacy, often through marriages.
Monarchy Succession
Tudor monarchs' focus on producing male heirs to secure the dynasty's future.
Religion Identity
Tudors played a role in shaping English national identity through the English Reformation.
Cultural Patronage
Tudor court was a hub for cultural and artistic support.
Renaissance Influence
Renaissance humanism had an impact on Tudor culture and politics.
Foreign Policy
Tudors had complex relationships with European powers like France and Spain.
Social Hierarchy
Tudor England had a rigid social structure with the monarch at the top.
Women's Roles
Significance of women like Margaret Beaufort and Elizabeth I in Tudor politics.
Economy Growth
Trade and commerce expanded during the Tudor period.
Legacy
Tudors left a lasting impact on English history, politics, and culture.
Church of England
Established by the Tudors, breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church.
Monarchy Strengthening
Tudors consolidated power, making the monarchy dominant in England.
Parliament Development
Tudors worked with Parliament to pass laws and establish it as a key part of English government.
Privy Council
Established by the Tudors as a key advisory body to the monarch.
Centralization of Power
The process of consolidating power in a central authority, as done by the Tudors in London.
English Renaissance
A period of cultural flourishing in England, supported by the Tudors.
William Shakespeare
Prominent English playwright and poet supported by the Tudors.
Globe Theatre
An institution for drama encouraged by the Tudors.
Hampton Court Palace
Grand architectural project commissioned by the Tudors.
Middle Class
Social class that grew prosperous under Tudor economic policies.
Elizabeth I
Tudor queen who played a significant political role.
Trade and Commerce
Economic activities encouraged by the Tudors.
Wars of the Roses
Dynastic conflict leading to the rise of the Tudors.
Hans Holbein
Artist supported by the Tudors.
Enclosure Movement
Transformation of English agriculture due to Tudor policies.
Margaret Beaufort
Woman who played an important political role during the Tudor era.
Henry Tudor
Descendant of the Lancastrian line who claimed the throne after the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485.
Tudor Dynasty
Established through Henry Tudor's marriage to Elizabeth of York, uniting rival houses.
Henry VII
First Tudor monarch who worked on consolidating power and reducing debt.
Financial Reforms
Introduced by Henry VII to improve royal finances through new taxes and customs system.
Henry VIII
Monarch who initiated the English Reformation to divorce his first wife and establish the Church of England.
Thomas More and John Fisher
Executed by Henry VIII for refusing to recognize his supremacy over the Church.
Dissolution of the Monasteries
Henry VIII's seizure of monastic lands to finance military campaigns and consolidate power.
Edward VI
Tudor monarch who further established Protestantism in England.
Mary I
Also known as Bloody Mary, attempted to restore Catholicism in England.
Golden Age of English Culture
Flourishing period during Elizabeth I's reign with notable writers like Shakespeare and Marlowe.
Tudors
Significant role in developing English language and culture
National Identity
Established by Tudors in England
Union of Crowns
England and Scotland under James I
ine Right of Kings
Monarchs appointed by God
Absolute Monarchy
Monarch with complete control
Constitutional Monarchy
Monarch's power limited by law and Parliament
Parliamentary Power
Growing influence in government
Triennial Act
Parliament to meet every three years
Bill of Rights
Established rights for English citizens
Act of Settlement
Rules of succession to the throne
Puritanism
Protestant movement to reform Church of England
Catholicism
Religion of Stuart monarchs
Toleration Act
Freedom of worship to non-Anglican Protestants
English Civil War
Conflict between Charles I and Parliament
Interregnum
Period of republic in England
Restoration
Return of monarchy with Charles II
Glorious Revolution
Overthrow of James II
War of the Spanish Succession
Global conflict involving England
Mercantilism
Policy to increase national wealth through trade
East India Company
Significant role in British colonial expansion
South Sea Company
Led to financial crisis
Navigation Acts
Regulated trade in England and colonies
Renaissance Humanism
Emphasized classical learning and individualism
Puritan Values
Emphasized hard work and simplicity
Restoration Comedy
Genre of comedy during Restoration period
Coffeehouses
Places for exchange of ideas and news
Scientific Revolution
Period of scientific discovery
Isaac Newton
Developed laws of motion and gravitation
Royal Society
Promoted scientific inquiry
Navigation and Cartography
Advances in exploration and trade
British Empire
Expansion in North America, Caribbean, and Asia
Colonial Administration
System of government in British colonies
Slavery
Institution in British colonies
Political Impacts
Stuarts established constitutional monarchy principles
Parliamentary Sovereignty
Recognition of Parliament's authority in British politics
British Colonization
Establishment of colonies in North America, the Caribbean, and Asia
Modern Britain
Foundations laid by the Stuarts for modern British society
James I
Union of Crowns and Divine Right of Kings
Charles I
Personal Rule and English Civil War
Charles II
Restoration period and Great Fire of London
James II
Overthrown in the Glorious Revolution due to Catholicism
William III and Mary II
Ruled after the Glorious Revolution and passed the Bill of Rights
Anne
Reign during the War of the Spanish Succession
Land fights
England fights alongside European allies against France and Spain (1701-1714)
Union with Scotland
Unites England and Scotland under a single government (1707)
End of Stuart Dynasty
Queen Anne dies without an heir, ending the Stuart dynasty
George I
First monarch of the House of Hanover, beginning a new dynasty
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