Scientific Revolution Study Guide

Nicolaus Copernicus

1.) I formulated an idea that the sun was the center of the universe. I did my work at the

University of Krakow in Poland. Who am I?

Johannes Kepler

I am a mathematician. I used my math skills to prove that the earth goes around the sun.

I also proved that all of the planets have elliptical orbits. Who am I?

Galileo Galilei

I created my own telescope and used it to discover the moons around Jupiter. I will do more scientific work in physics after the Catholic Church condemns my earlier discoveries. I created the universal laws of physics. Who am I?

Sir Francis Bacon

I believe the only way to discover scientific truth is by using the scientific method. Who am I?

Renee Descartes

I invented analytic geometry. I also believe the only way to reach the truth is through reason. Who am I?

Sir Isaac Newton

I developed the 3 laws of motion and a new type of math called calculus. Also, I proposed the theory of universal gravitation explaining why the planets move as they do. Who am I?

Andreas Vesalius

I am a French medical student who broke laws in order to further study the anatomical make-up of the human body. Most of my subjects were victims of hangings. Who am I?

William Harvey

I will describe how blood circulates through the human body. Who am I?

Robert Hooke

I will discover the cell and give the structure its name. My main tool in making this discovery is the microscope. Who am I?

Robert Boyle

I am an Irishman who tried to make chemistry into a pure science. I will disagree with the old alchemist idea of the 4 elements. I will be responsible for creating a definition of an element. Who am I?

Joseph Priestly

I will discover oxygen after I have conducted many studies on air. I am an English preacher and scientist. Who am I?

Antoine Lavoisier

I am a French chemist who will discover the nature of combustion—the occurrence of the mixing of a flammable material and oxygen. Who am I?

Thomas Hobbes

I wrote a book called Leviathan which explained many of my ideas about people and government. I believe all people have a tendency to be violent and disorderly; therefore, an absolute monarch is needed to keep people under control. Also, I believe people do not have a right to rebel against their government. Who am I?

John Locke

I will write a book called Two Treatises of Government explaining my ideas on people and government. I believe all people to be moral and reasonable. Also, governments should share power with the people by developing contracts with the people. I also believe that all people have the rights to life, liberty, and property. If a government is not following the contract or infringing on the rights of the people, then the people have the right to rebel against that government. Who am I?

William Penn

I will found a Quaker colony in the New World. I also believe in pacifism. Who am I?

Denis Diderot

I am an editor of the Encyclopedie. I will go to prison defending this work. Who am I?

Montesquieu

I helped create the Encyclopedie and also wrote The Spirit of Laws. I have a fondness for the English style of government. I will develop the idea of having 3 branches of government—legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Who am I?

Voltaire

My real name is Francois Marie Arouet. My most famous written work is Candid. I will serve 2 prison terms in the Bastille; however, I will eventually be exiled to England. I also believe in the idea of separation of church and state. Who am I?

Immanuel Kant

I believe in metaphysics—a philosophy that deals with the universal, spiritual, and eternal questions, saying they are real even though they could not be explained by reason. I wrote my ideas in a book called The Critique of Pure Reason. Who am I?

Count von Zinzendorf

I will create the Moravian Brethren, a faith that stresses the emotional and mystical side of Christianity. Who am I?

John Wesley

I will create a new Christian faith called Methodism. Who am I?

Madame de Pompadour

I will create a solon in France where many people will meet to discuss differing ideas. Who am I?

Hugo Grotius

I believe that international law should be based on natural law. Who am I?

Deism

What new religious philosophy became very popular during the Enlightenment?

France

What European nation became a very active center for Enlightenment ideas?

The Encyclopedie

What written work has been considered the most important accomplishment of the Enlightenment?

A monarch with enlightened ideas

What is an enlightened despot?

Elementary schools

Both Maria Theresa and Frederick the Great attempted to make lots of reforms in their respective lands. What reforms were shared by both?

Church and Nobles

When Maria Theresa died, her son, Joseph, came to power. Under his reign, he tried to create more reforms; however, these reforms were defeated by certain people in his lands. Who were these people that were against Joseph’s reforms?

1) Freeing the serfs. 2) Equalizing tax rates. 3) Allowing freedom of the Press

What were the attempted reforms Joseph II of Austria implemented?

Piano + Violin

What 2 musical inventions helped to revolutionize music?

1) Magic. 2) Mystery. 3) Ancient writings

What was science based on during the middle ages?

Telescope and microscope

What were the two devices that led to new hypotheses?

Frederick II of Prussia

Enlightened despot who abolished torture methods and created elementary schools

Maria Theresa of Austria

Enlightened despot who wanted to free slaves, but was fearful. Also created elementary schools

Joseph II of Austria

Enlightened despot who attempted numerous failed reforms

The Spirit of Laws

What was Montesquieu’s book called?

20

How many volumes of the Encyclopedie were there?