genetics important people//findings

mendel(1860)

proposed heritable factors(pea plants)

garrod(1902)

-metabolic processes catalyzed by enzymes
-metabolic defects due to the absence of enzyme
-inborn errors of metabolism arise when an individual inherits the inability to generate enzyme (black urine)

sutton and bovery(1903)

proposed chromosome theory of inheritance(genes are found at specific locations on chromosomes, and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis can explain Mendel's laws of inheritance.)

morgan(1909)

demonstrated that hereditary units are on chromosomes(that genes are linked in a series on chromosomes and are responsible for identifiable, hereditary traits.)

griffith(1928)

illustrated the principle of transformation: material introduced into an organism can change it(formerly dead s cells were renewed after being placed in mice with living r cells)

beadle and tatum(1941)

went back to garrods research and concluded that each step of the pathway was performed by a different enzyme, each of which was specified by a different gene(bread mold)

Avery, MacLeod and McCarty (1944)

illustrate that DNA is Griffith’s transforming material(doing the same experiment but in one the killed proteins, in the other they killed RNA, and in the 3rd they killed DNA, which was the only time that the s cells came out dead, transformation did not occur in the absence of DNA)

Hershey and Chase(1952)

prove that DNA, and not protein, is the genetic material(viral DNA enters bacterial cells and created a new viral formation while viral proteins did not)