INTERGUMENTARY SYSTEM

fascia

below the three layers of skin is a sheet of connective tissues that ties the skin to the underlying muscles

epidermis

composed of stratified squamous epithelium

epidermis

Layer of the skin that is a dry organ , keratinized, avascular and also known as keratinized stratified squamous

keratinocytes

cells in all epidermal layers except stratum basale

keratinocytes

a cell that manufactures and stores protein keratin

keratin

an intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, skin the hardness and water-resistant properties

stratum lucidum

the skin of the palms of the hand andd soles of the feet has a fifth layer called

stratum lucidum

located between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum

stratum basale

the deepest epidermal layer and attaches the epidermis to its basement membrane, which ties the epiermis to the dermis below

merkel cell

function as a sensory receptor and is connected to sensory nerves that sends signal about touch to the brain— these cells are abundant on the surface of the hand and feet

melanocyte

a cell that produces the pigment melanin

merkel cell, melanocyte

two other cell types found dispersed among the stem cells in the stratum basale

Melanin

a protein that can be made in two forms—fuctions to protect cells from ultraviolet (UV) radiation damage

eumelanin

black and brown melanin is called

pheomelanin

reddish hue melanin is called

folic acid

melanin prevents the break down of?

stratum spinosum

the young keratinocytes have an American-football shaped apperance—meaning they are widest in the center and tapered in the end

desmosomes

joined the cells—interlock the cells with each other for the skin to undergo an amount of pulling, twisting and friction and the keratinocytes will remained joined

langerhans cell

type of dendritic cell—functions similarly to macrophanges, engulfing bacteria, foreign particles and damaged cells that occur in this layer

stratum granulosum

named for its granular appearance

stratum lucidum

is a smooth seemingly translucent layer vof the epidermis located just superficial to the stratum granulosum and deep to the stratum corneum

eleidin

a clear protein derived from keratohyalin,which gives these cells their transparent appearance

stratum corneum

layer of the skin that is exposed to the external environment—most superficial of every epidermis

15, 30

consist of __ to__ layers of dead skin cells

dermal papillae

structural adaption to better endure friction is the?

dermis

contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves and other structures, such as the deeper portion of hair follicles and sweat glands.

papillary layer

is made with loose areolar connective tissue

tactile corpuscles

papillary layer contains nerve fibers and touch receptors called

reticular layer

composed of dense irregular connective tissue

hypodermis

consist of well-vascularized, loosed areolar connective tissue and adipose tissue and its functions includes fat storage, insulation and cushioning

hair shaft

The externally visible portion, a long filament of keratin is called

hair follicle

this shaft of hair is grown within an epidermal structure called

hair bulb

deepest portion of the hair follicle is called?

hair matrix

epethilial cells within the hair bulb form the

hair root

the portion of the follicle between bulb andd the surface of the skin

medulla

central core of the hair—a fragile inner core made up of some living cells and the spaces between them

cortex

medulla is surrounded by the?—a layer of compressed keratinized cells

cuticle

an outer layer of very hard keratinized cells known as

sebaceous gland

hair follicle is associated with oil gland known as

nail bed

living component of nails

nail body

hard, bladelike structure you might paint—function to protect the tip of our fingers and toes

nail root

nail body forms at the?

pheromones

a type of chemical signal that organisms can use to communicate with each other

eccrine sweat glands

a type of sweat glands found all over the body, they produce sweat for thermoregulation

dermcidin

an antimicrobial chemical

apocrine sweat glands

associated with hair follicles and found in dense hairy areas such as armpits,genital region—

apocrine sweat glands

are larger than eccrine sweat glands and lie deeper in the dermis sometimes even reaching the hyprodermis.

sebaceous gland

type of oil gland that is found all over the body and hgelps to lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair

sebum

oily mixture—a mixture of lipids that lubricates the hair and the dry stratum corneum

tactile corpuscles

sensitive to touch—responds to light touch

lamellate corpuscles

responds to pressure and vibration

nociceptors

nerve fibers specific to communicating pain to the brain and spinal cord

thermoreceptors

sensory nerves detecting changes in temperature

symphatetic nervous system

body temperature is specifically regulated by gthe division of the nervous system called

frostbite

too much drop in the temperature can freeze the skin—a condition called

rickets

a pain disorder in children where the bone becomes misshapen due to the lack of calcium

osteomalacia

individuals who suffer from vitamin D deficiency can develop a condition called___a softening of the bones

granulation tissue

quickly made collagen bridge