PLANT CELLS & PLANT TISSUE

Plant

- According to Britannica (2023), any

multicellular eukaryotic life

Parenchyma Cells

- Are thin-walled cells that make up the inside

tissues of non-woody parts of plants found in

stems, roots, and leaves.

Parenchyma Cells

They are considered the typical plant cell

because they are not specialized in their

function.

Parenchyma Cells

Their functions are varied. Some are for

storage, others for photosynthesis, and the

rest serves as the bulk ground and vascular

tissues.

Parenchyma Cells

Plant metabolism primarily takes place in

these cells.

- They remain alive at maturity.

Parenchyma Cells

They compose the middle layer of leaves and

the inner and outer layers of stems and

roots.

Parenchyma Cells

Soft tissues of fruits are also made from

parenchyma cells

Collenchyma Cells

- Support the structure of plant tissues,

especially in areas where the plant grows,

such as in the shoots and leaves.

Collenchyma Cells

- They have a thin primary cell wall with some

areas of secondary thickening.

Collenchyma Cells

- They are elongated cells with thick cell wall

whose main functions are for support and

structure especially in young plants

Sclerenchyma Cells

- Are the principal cells that support the

structure of plants.

Sclerenchyma Cells

- Their cell walls are composed of cellulose

and lignin.

Lignin

is the hardening agent which

gives sclerenchyma their rigidity.

Meristematic Cells

- Are plant cells that divide and create new

cells.

Meristematic Cells

- Their reproduction contributes to the

physical growth of plants

Vascular Tissues

Are the primary tissues of plants responsible for the transport of nutrients and water.

Xylem

transports water from the roots to the stem,

leaves, and buds.

Tracheids

- these are long, narrow cells whose

ends overlap. They have small holes

between their ends to allow water to

move vertically between plants. They

also have small holes called piths

which allow the lateral movement of

water.

Vessel elements

- are shorter but wider cells, they are

stacked on top of each other. Water

passes through their cell walls

Phloem

- carries the plant's stored carbohydrates to

the parts where they are needed, because

they fulfill a conducting function

Sieve elements

- these cells are different from either

tracheids or vessel elements because

sieve elements are functional when they

are living cells

Dermal Tissues

- Serve as the outer protective layer of plants.

- They are like the skin of plants which serve

as the first layer of protection against

harmful elements of the environment.

Epidermis

- a single layer of tightly packed cells that

covers and protects the plant.

Periderm

commonly referred to as the bark, it is a multi-layered dermal tissue

Cork cells (phellem)

- are nonliving cells that cover the outside

of stems and roots to protect and give

insulation to plants.

Phelloderm

can contain chlorophyll and function in defense

Cork cambium (phellogen)

- produces cork, a tough protective

material

Ground Tissue

- Makes up the plant but are neither vascular

nor dermal tissue.

- They can be found inside and outside the

ring of the vascular tissue in the plant stem.

Meristematic Tissue

- Is another

prominent category

of cells among plants

- It is a collection of

young cells which

are continuously

reproducing through

division

Meristematic Tissue

They are mostly

found at the apices

of root and shoot and are embedded in the

vascular tissues which contribute to the

increase in the girth size of roots and stems

Apical meristem

are cells found at the growing

regions of root and

shoot and contribute to increase in length.

Lateral meristem

are cells found in the

vascular tissues and contribute to the increase in

thickness of a plant part.

Intercalary meristem

are cells found in regions

between mature tissues of the plant such as at

the base of leaves or at the base of internodes of

grasses

Guard cells

- Found in leaves, they surround and control

the opening and closure of the stoma in

response to changes in temperature and

scarcity of water.

Root hairs

- Part of the dermal tissue of roots.

- They add to the surface area of roots and

increase their absorptive capacity

Tracheids

Elongated cells in the xylem of vascular

plants that aid in transporting water and

nutrients from the roots to other parts of the

plant

Palisade cells (Leaf cells)

- Cells designed for photosynthesis; they

contain a structure called chloroplast which

contains green pigments called chlorophyll.

Chlorophyll

absorbs light energy from

the sun