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US1 Honors 3/31/26
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democrats
Previously called Jacksonians
Believed the ordinary man should have political power in order to protect himself against the superior man
“King Mob”
A name for Jacksons’ mass of supporters created by the elite which found their position in politics in danger
Election of 1828
Election between Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams, Jackson won
Led to creation of mass democracy and included the ‘common man’ in politics.
Spoils system
The practice where the winning political party(president) replaced all government employees with their own campaign supporters and friends.
created/popularized by Jackson
kitchen cabinet
Undistinguised cabinet that consisted of Martin Van Buren and a few of Jackson’s close friends.
Martin Van Buren
Andrew Jackson’s Secretary of State and the only distinguished member of the ‘kitchen cabinet’
later becomes the president
Senator Robert Hayne
Senator from South Carolina,
spokesperson for VP Calhoun during the Wenster-Hayne debate
Webster-Hayne Debate
Debate between Daniel Webster and Senator Robert Hayne over states’ rights vs. federal power
Strengthened idea of national unity over nullification
McCulloch v. Maryland
Supreme court case led by Marshall that ruled congress culd create a national bank and states cant tax it
Second Bank of the US is constitutional
Nicholas Biddle
Head of the Second National Bank-wanted to control economy
Main opponent of Jacksons’ in the Bank War
National Republicans
Also known as the Whig Party led by Henry Clay and JQA supporting a strong federal government and economic development
Opposed Jackson
Roger B. Taney
Jackson’s secretar of Treasury
Helped dismantle the national bank and supported states rghts
pet banks
Small banks that supported jackson
Received federal deposits after national bank was dismantled- risky lending and inflation
Peggy Eaton Affair
Social scandal involving Peggy Eaton (wife of secretary of war)
Divided Jackson’s cabnit and let to Jackson relying on his Kitchen Cabnit more
Maysville Road Veto
Jackson’s veto of a bill to fund a road in Kentucky
Showed opposition to federal funding of local project
Alexis de Tocqueville
French observer that wrote Democracy in America
Provided key insights into American democracy, equality, and political culture
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
Supreme court case wherer Cherokee Nation sought protection from Georgia laws
Ruled Cherokee werent a foreign nation, limiting legal standing
Worcester v. Georgia
Case ruling that georgia laws had no authority over Cherokee lands
Upheld tribal sovereignty but Jackson reduced to enforce it
Trail of Tears
Forced relocation of Native Amercans (Cherokee mainly) west of the Mississippi
Thousands died, indian removal cruelty
Specie Circular
Law made by Jackson stating that you must buy land in gold or silver (bc he didn’t like paper money)
Reduced paper money circulation and led to panic of 1837
Whigs
Political party formed in opposition to Jackson- led by Henry Clay and others
Supported congress over the president, activist government
Panic of 1837
Major economic depression marked by bank faliures
Result of Jacksonian polcies (pet banks, specie circular)
Independent Treasury Act
Law creating a system where federal funds were kept in government vaults instead of banks
Separated gov funds from unstable banks
Log Cabin Campaign
Whig campaign portraying William Henry Harrison as common man (just like Jackson)
First modern mass political campaign using slogans and imagery to appeal to voters
William Henry Harrison
Whig president that won election of 1840
Died after one month in office
John Tyler
Was VP but became president after Harrison died
Set precedent that a VP becomes president if the president dies in office