Space note 3 and 4

Is the universe expanding

The universe is expanding and galaxies are moving away. The further away the galaxy is the faster it’s moving

Big bang theory

States that the universe formed when a infinitely dense point suddenly and quickly expanded in a single moment.

When did the universe form

13.7 billion years ago, it is where everything came from

Wavelengths

Distance between wave crests, measured in nanometers and what light travels in.

Electromagnetic radiation

When light travels in wavelengths

Electromagnetic spectrum

Full range of electromagnetic radiation which things ranging from radiowaves to gamma ways. Contains the visible light spectrum

Visible light spectrum

Refers to the small amount of light we can see in the electromagnetic spectrum. Composes of colors in the rainbow

How do wavelengths have different colors

Each color has its own wavelengths, and the smaller/longer wavelengths changes the color

How do we know galaxies are moving

Galaxies are moving, and this is because the observer and light source are moving in a characteristic speed. Hubble theorized this.

Spectroscope

An optical instrument that, like a prism, separates light into a spectral pattern

Spectral pattern/line

Shows where atoms absorbed or emitted light. Atoms only do it at specific wavelengths, and the spectral line shows what wavelength the atoms absorbed or emitted.

How do we figure out elements in stars

Stars have characteristic spectral lines, and if the star and element match lines it means that element is in there

Spectral shifting

The movement of wavelengths, seen in red and blue shift

Redshift

When the spectral lines are longer wavelengths and the light source is moving away.

Blueshift

When the spectral lines are shorter wavelengths and the light source is moving towards

Why is the earth not getting bigger is the universe is

It is because the gravity and electromagneticism is holding the earth back, even if the universe is expanding it only affects big things like galaxy clusters

Why is the earth not getting further from the sun

Because the sun is holding it in place by gravity.

Background radiation

Constant low level radiation everywhere from sources like cosmic rays(light rays) and radioactive elements. It fits the big bang theory.

How are stars born, short descriptio.

In collapsing nebulae.

How do stars form, long description

From a collapsing nebulae. As a region of nebulae collapses, gravity starts pulling dust and together into small gasses, intill after a while it turns big. As the mass grows, it begins a cycle of heating up because of friciton, spinning and contaction because of gravity

Protostar

The stage where a star starts to glow

3 possible life cycles of stars

Low mass cycle, medium mass cycle and high mass cycle

Why do high mass stars die

Stars die when there is no fuel left to keep producing heat. All star collapse

What is the fuel of stars and what it is mostly made of

Hydrogen

What does a star release when it dies

All of its energy it produced in its lifetime when it dies.

2 outcomes when a high mass star dies

1. Neutron star

2. Blackhole

Neutrons star

The core of high mass stars, lower end of high mass stars.

What does the sun provide

It provides thermal energy for the planet and life

What is the sun composed of and what’s its size

The sun is a medium star and is composed of 91% hydrogen, 8.9% helium and 0.1% of heavy elements like iron and carbon. The sun is 1.4 million ,kilometers wide

6 layers of the sun

Core, radiative, convective, photosphere, chromosphere, corona

Core

The center of the sun, where nuclear fusion is happening. The reaction releases so much energy that the suns core is 15 million degrees

Radiative zone

Thick layer of plasma, which takes years to go through

Convective layer

Cool matter sinks and hot matter rises outward. The cold air then gets heated near the center and rises up

Photosphere

The suns surface, last physical layer and we can now see the light

Chromosphere

A thin layer that can only be seen in a solar eclipse.

Corona

The outermost layer of the sun

Sunspot

A dark region of cooler matter on the photosphere

Prominence

Large, curved and bright stream of particles extending outward from the photosphere into the corona

Solar flare

A huge explosion of gas and charged particles. Essentially plasma being ejected from the sun

Corona mass ejectoon

A very powerful solar flare

Solar winds

Heat of the sun in a stream of subatomic particles. During turbulent times, electronic equipment on earth can be damaged.

Aurora Borealis

When sub particles from solar winds react with atoms and molecules in the earth atmosphere

How long how the sun existed and will shine

The sun has existed for 5 billion years and will shine for another 5 billion.