BIB Reformation History Test 1 | Rick Brumback

The Great Persecution

(303-312) - Diocletian launched the harshest persecution. - Churches destroyed, Scriptures burned, clergy jailed, sacrifices required.

Constantine the Great

(306-337)

- Won civil wars, legalized Christianity.

- Issued Edict of Milan with Licinius.

Edict of Milan

(313) - Granted freedom of worship. - Restored Christian property.

Cunctos Populos / Edict of Thessalonica

(380) - Theodosius I made Nicene Christianity official religion. - All citizens required to adhere.

Augustine of Hippo

(354-430)

- Wrote Confessions and City of God.

- Taught original sin, grace, infant baptism.

Coterminous Church

- Church and society as one. - No separation of sacred and secular.

Christendom

- Fusion of church and state. - Christianity defined politics, culture, and society.

Theocratic Rule / Theocracy

- Charlemagne, Otto I ruled as political and religious leaders. - Saw themselves as protectors of the church.

Papal Primacy

- Pope as supreme head of church. - Claimed authority over emperors and bishops.

Donation of Constantine

- Forged document giving pope land and power. - Exposed as fake by Lorenzo Valla.

Benedict of Nursia

(480-550)

- Founded Monte Cassino.

- Wrote Rule of Benedict for monastic life.

Thomas Aquinas

(1225-1274) - Dominican theologian. - Wrote Summa Theologica.

Scholasticism / Scholastic Method

- Medieval method of logical theology. - Used Bible, Fathers, Aristotle.

Trivium

- Grammar, logic, rhetoric.

Quadrivium

- Arithmetic, geometry, music, astronomy.

Feudal Order

- Lords held local power, hereditary. - Controlled churches on their land.

Proprietary Church

- Church owned by lord.

- Priest and property under lord's control.

Simony

- Buying and selling of church offices.

Lay Investiture

- Secular rulers appoint bishops. - Symbols: ring and staff.

Pluralism

- Holding multiple offices at once.

Reforming Cardinals

- Leo IX gathered Hildebrand, Humbert, Peter Damian.

- Fought simony and lay investiture.

Fourth Lateran Council

(1215) - Defined seven sacraments. - Affirmed transubstantiation, annual confession.

Avignon Papacy

(1309-1377) - Popes lived in Avignon under French influence. - Called "Babylonian Captivity of the Church."

The Great Schism

(1378-1417) - Multiple popes in Rome, Avignon, Pisa. - Ended by Council of Constance.

Council of Constance

(1414-1418) - Ended Schism, condemned Hus and Wycliffe. - Promoted conciliarism.

Conciliarism

- Councils have authority over popes.

Apostolic Life Movement

- Imitated apostles with poverty and preaching. - Lived by gospel simplicity.

Peter Waldo and Waldensians

- Waldo renounced wealth, preached Scripture. - Rejected papal authority, emphasized Bible.

Cathars

(12th-14th c.) - Dualist sect: creation = evil. - Rejected sacraments, crushed by Crusade.

Devotio Moderna

(14th c.) - Brothers/Sisters of the Common Life. - Stressed personal piety, meditation, inner devotion.

John Wycliffe

(1325-1384) - Oxford scholar, denied transubstantiation. - Advocated Bible in English, followers = Lollards.

Jan Hus

(1369-1415) - Czech preacher, rector in Prague. - Stressed communion in both kinds (utraquism).

Ultraquism

the belief that both species (bread and wine) should be celebrated in the Eucharist

Renaissance

(14th-16th c.) - Revival of classical learning and arts. - Humanist tools applied to Christianity.

Humanism

- Return to classical and biblical sources. - Emphasis on languages, grammar, rhetoric.

John Colet

(1467-1519) - English humanist, lectured on Romans. - Used grammatical-historical method.

Desiderius Erasmus

(1466-1536)

- Dutch humanist, produced Greek NT (1516).

- Wrote In Praise of Folly and Enchiridion.

Jerome

(347-420) - Translated Bible into Latin (Vulgate). - Church Father, master of Hebrew and Greek.

Compare and Contrast Jerome and Erasmus

Jerome (347-420) → Translated Bible into Latin (Vulgate), Church Father, language scholar.Erasmus (1466-1536) → Printed Greek NT (1516), humanist, edited Jerome's works.Both → Scripture in original languages, lasting texts.Difference → Jerome = ancient translator; Erasmus = Renaissance editor.