History and Systems in Psychology - Behaviorism

Flashcards on Behaviorism in Psychology

__ refers to a psychological approach emphasizing scientific and objective methods of investigation.

A psychological approach which emphasizes scientific and objective methods of investigation.

__ is the theory that psychology can be objectively studied through observable action.

The theory that psychology can be objectively studied through observable action.

In __ conditioning, a subject learns behavior by associating it with consequences.

Subject learns behavior by associating it with consequences.

In __ conditioning, a subject learns to associate two unrelated stimuli with each other.

Subject learns to associate two unrelated stimuli with each other.

According to behaviorism, __ is learned from the environment.

All behavior is learned from the environment.

Basic assumptions of behaviorism include that psychology should be seen as a __, and is primarily concerned with __.

Psychology should be seen as a science, and is primarily concerned with observable behavior.

The zeitgeist of the time resulted in __.

The development of behaviourism.

__ discovered the conditioned reflex and won the Nobel Prize in 1904 for his work in physiology.

Discovered the conditioned reflex and won the Nobel Prize in 1904 for his work in physiology.

In classical conditioning, __ is developed by the laws of contiguity and frequency.

The conditioned response is developed by the laws of contiguity and frequency.

According to Pavlov, all central nervous system activity can be characterised as either or .

All central nervous system activity can be characterised as either excitation or inhibition.

First-signal system or 'the first signals of reality' are __

Signal biologically significant events

Jacques Loeb influenced Watson with his work on __

Influenced Watson with his work on tropism; behavior of simple organisms could be explained as being automatically elicited by stimuli

In 1913, Watson presented __ , the "Behaviourist Manifesto".

Watson's lecture in 1913 that laid out the basic tenets of behaviourism.

The goal of Watson's objective psychology was __.

Prediction and control of behaviour.

Watson's four methods of research were __, __, __, and __.

Observation, conditioned-reflex method, testing, and verbal reports.

According to Watson, was a form of overt behavior, while was a form of implicit or subvocal speech.

Speech was a form of overt behavior, while thinking was a form of implicit or subvocal speech.

Watson proposed that humans inherit the emotions of __, __, and __.

Fear, rage, and love.

Watson's most famous experiment with Little Albert __.

Conducted an experiment to condition emotional responses in humans.

__ defined psychology as the science of behaviour but differed from Watson because he did not disregard mental events as unimportant.

Defined psychology as the science of behaviour but differed from Watson because he did not disregard mental events as unimportant.

McDougall believed that __ is goal-directed and stimulated by some instinctual motive rather than by environmental events.

Behaviour is goal-directed and stimulated by some instinctual motive rather than by environmental events.

McDougall said that __ are the motivators of all animal behaviour,.

the motivators of all animal behaviour, including human behaviour.

McDougall believed that reinforcement in the form of __ was an important aspect of the learning process.

Need reduction was an important aspect of the learning process.