scrotum I

where testes arise

fetal upper abdomen

4th gestational month

testes descend to level of bladder

7th gestational month

testes descend through inguinal canal and into scrotum

_____, created by _____, divides scrotum into 2 compartments

median raphe, tunica dartos

3 major structures in testes

spermatic cords, epididymis, and testicles

spermatic cord extends form ______ to ______

pelvis, inguinal canal

spermatic cord function

suspend testicles in scrotum

composes the spermatic cord

arteries, veins, lymphatics, vas deferens and nerves

spermatic cord measurement

<2mm

epididymis begins _____ and then courses _____ to testes

superiorly, posterolateral

epididymis function

store, convey, and excrete sperm

head of epi AKA

globus major AKA

head of epi

largest part of epi, superior to upper pole

body of epi AKA

corpus AKA

body of epi

posterior/lateral aspect of testicle from upper to lower pole

tail of epi AKA

globus minor AKA

tail of epi

posterior and inferior to testicle

epididymal head contains _____ from the rete testes

10-15 efferent ductules

mediastinum testis

echogenic line in s-i orientation in sag testes, echogenic ovoid in trans

mediastinum testis function

supporting system for arteries, veins, lymphatics, and seminiferous tubules

seminiferous tubules converge to form _____, which connects seminiferous tubules to _____

tubuli recti, rete testis

rete testis AKA

straight tubes AKA

rete testis sono appearance

hypoechoic areas w/ striations adjacent to or within mediastinum testis

rete testes

major role in carrying sperm to epi

seminal vesicles are posterior to _____ and _____ to ureters

bladder, medial

seminal vesicles are _____ to prostate and lateral to _____

superior, vas deferens

each seminal vesicle joins with its corresponding _____ to form the _____

ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts

ejaculatory ducts course through _____ and empty into prostate ____

prostate, urethra

pathway of sperm 1-5

seminiferous tubule, tubuli recti, rete testis, efferent ductules, epididymis

pathway of sperm 6-10

vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, prostate, urethra

seminiferous tubules create _____, and have _____ that are responsible for testosterone/androgen production

sperm, leydig cells

testes endocrine function

testosterone production

testes exocrine function

sperm and semen production

testes normal length

3-5 cm

testes normal AP/ width

2-3 cm

tunica dartos function

regulates temperature of testicles promoting spermatogenesis

tunica vaginalis layers

parietal and visceral

tunica vaginalis parietal

inner lining of scrotal wall containing lymphatics for fluid absorption

tunica vaginalis visceral

serous membrane that produces secretions and covers testis and epi

_____ is posterior and helps prevent _____ by adhering the testicle to scrotal wall

bare area, torsion

tunica albuginea _____ in the posterior aspect at the hilum to become _____

invaginates, mediastinum testis

testes blood supply

deferential, cremasteric, and testicular

cremasteric artery AKA

external spermatic AKA

testicular artery AKA

gonadal artery AKA

testicular artery

main blood supply to testes, that branches from the abdominal aorta.

cremasteric and deferential arteries

contained in spermatic cord and supply testis and extra-testicular structures

deferential arteries arise from _____, a branch of _____

vesicular, internal iliac

cremasteric arteries branch off _____, a branch of _____

inferior epigastric, external iliac

deferential artery mainly supplies _____ and _____

epi, vas deferens

testicular arteries course along posterior surface of each teste, piercing the _____ and forming the _____

tunica albuginea, capsular arteries

centripetal arteries

come off capsular arteries, course from testicular surface towards mediastinum before curving backwards to form the recurrent rami

recurrent rami with doppler

candy cane appearance

in ____ of normal testis, a _______ artery is visualized coursing through mediastinum toward testiclar capsule

50%, trans-mediastinal

trans-mediastinal AKA

trans-testicular AKA

after reaching _____, trans-mediastinal artery courses along as ______

capsule, capsular

pampiniform plexus converges into

testicular, deferential, and cremasteric veins

right testicular vein drains into ____, and left drains into ____

IVC, LRV

_____ vein drains into pelvic veins

deferential veins

_____ drains into tributaries of the epigastric and deep pudendal veins

cremasteric vein

deep pudendal veins

sets of veins within pelvis

cryptochidism

failure of testes to descend into scrotum

cryptorchidism is associated with

infertility, malignancy, and torsion

polyorchidism is associated with

hernia, torsion, and malignancy

testicular ectopia

ectopically located testicle that cannot be manipulated into correct location

______ or other forms of decreased blood flow to the testes in utero can cause _______

intrauterine torsion, anorchia

appendix of the epididymis

detached wolffian duct remnant

appendix of testis

detached Mullerian duct remnant

appendix testis can cause

blue-dot sign