Studied by 2 people
enclosure
increased after 1660 though some areas like Oxfordshire still prospered without enclosure
water meadows
ground is always kept wet by using irrigation- used for hay and animal grazing
specialised farming
improved economic conditions for farmers- prevented poor harvests
1662 Settlement Act- employment implications
landowners could hire people from other parishes just for the harvest without having to contribute to poor rates
increased number of markets
meant better infrastructure
use of horses on farms
1600- 300,000
1700- 630,000
1663 Turnpike Act
created new toll roads
1657
stage coaches developed- used for communication
London cloth exports
1660- £1.5 million
92% of exports from London in 1640
protestant immigration- impact on cloth trade
dutch immigrants were able to make light draperies so didn’t need to be sold on
reasons for London’s economy growth
banking and insurance industries based there- more employment and capital for merchants and businesses
centre of legal system
improved infrastructure and the Thames
skilled and educated workers would move to London
high number of markets
enclosure impact on economy
Mixed social conditions- Sherringdon and Buckinghamshire, people enclosing and lost to larger enclosures due to debt
farming techniques
better educated yeomen and husbandmen- understood about nutrition of crops- crop rotation
farming techniques impact on economy
increases productivity of farms
9 million acres by 1700 and new crop types meant food could be grown for longer periods throughout the year
water meadows impact
allowed for grazing
resisted frost
allowed for selective breeding
development of specialised farming and growth of employment
north developed for livestock, south- arable
1 million labourers by 1688 from 364,000 families
impact of specialised farming and growth of employment
farmers can concentrate on farming their lands strength and therefore increase yield
employment of the poor on large farms became a more stable form of employment
capital investment in agriculture
post 1650- large farms could be invested in due to population growth slowing and deflation of the currency
capital investment in agriculture impact on economy
yield increases as Midlands had 53% of agricultural land in large farms compared to 32% 100 years before
development of national markets
transport increased to facilitate demands for food. Roads took off after 1650 (Turnpike/stage coaches)
development of national markets impact on economy
better organised markets for selling goods because of transport but mixed as it did not devlop in Ireland/Scotland.
reduced living standards in rest of south east
when was first road atlas published allowing for roads to become more easily navigable?
1675
consequence for huge demand for food in London for small towns elsewhere?
drained resources available for small towns
what is capital investment?
investment by higher gentry and aristocracy to bring modernisation
literacy in yeomen and husbandmen
increased after 1600 meant they could write books about new techniques
navigation acts aims
weaken Dutch monopoly
when was coffee house opened
1688 by Edward Lloyd
two companies set up for Fire insurance
1681- Fire Office
1683- Friendly Society
Jamestown Virginia
lucrative tobacco trade, 1607
Carribbean
Spanish sea power declined in 1620s- Britain occupied Barbados and Antigua- sugar
1651 Navigation Act
goods imported to England and English territories must be carried in English ships, crews must be half english
significance of Navigation Acts
represented victory of national trading interests over interests of private companies
1660 Navigation Act
confirmed earlier legislation
banned exports from being carried in foreign ships
when does England secure control of Jamaica?
1660
First Anglo Dutch war
1652-54
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