Data Organization and Frequency Distributions

Vocabulary flashcards covering categorical and numerical data organization, frequency distributions, class boundaries, relative frequency, and cumulative graphing concepts.

Categorical Frequency Distribution

A distribution used to organize categorical data into specific classes based on categories.

Frequency

The number of times a specific data value or category appears in a class.

Cumulative Frequency

The total amount of frequency that has been accumulated up to and including a given class.

Total Frequency Rule for Cumulative Frequency

The rule stating that the last row of the cumulative frequency column must equal the total frequency of the dataset.

Range

The difference between the highest data number and the lowest data number in a dataset.

Class Width

The interval width of each class boundary, found by dividing the range by the number of classes and rounding up to the next integer.

Lower Class Limit

The smallest data value assigned to the first class or a given class limit.

Lower Class Boundary

A boundary value calculated by subtracting $0.5$ from the lower class limit for integer data to prevent class overlaps.

Upper Class Boundary

The boundary obtained by adding the class width to the lower class boundary.

Upper Class Limit

The upper value of a class limit, calculated by subtracting $0.5$ from the upper class boundary.

Relative Frequency

The frequency of a specific class divided by the total frequency of the dataset, expressed as a decimal.

Cumulative Relative Frequency

The accumulated sum of relative frequencies up to a given class, which must always equal $1$ in the final row.

Cumulative Relative Frequency Graph

A graph with cumulative relative frequency on the vertical axis (from $0$ to $1$) and class boundaries on the horizontal axis, starting at zero at the lower limit of the first class.

Horizontal Line in a Cumulative Graph

A flat section on a cumulative relative frequency graph representing a class with a frequency of $0$, indicating no additional frequency was accumulated.