Skeletal system: appendicular bones

Clavicle

collarbone
Long bone placed horizontally between the scapula and sternum.

convex
concave

curvature of clavicle
Medial two-thirds are ? anteriorly and the lateral one-third is ?.

Sternal end, acromial end, and conoid tubercle.

Parts of clavicle

Scapula

Shoulder blade
Flat, triangular bone found on the upper and posterior part of the thorax opposite the 2nd–7th ribs; articulates with the humerus and clavicle.

Bone of 3

.Nickname of scapula

Medial or vertebral, lateral or axillary, and superior.

Three borders of scapula

Superior, lateral, and inferior.

Three angles of scapula

Acromion, coracoid, and spine.

Three processes of scapula

Glenoid fossa

Articulates with the head of the humerus, supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa, subscapular fossa anteriorly

Shoulder or pectoral girdle

Formed by the scapula and clavicle; provides attachment of the upper extremity to the thoracic cage.

Humerus

ARM BONE
Long bone; longest and largest bone of the upper extremity.

Bicipital groove

Also called the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

Radius

Long, lateral bone of the forearm; has a cup-shaped head.

Head, shaft, styloid process, radial tuberosity, and ulnar notch.

Parts/features of radius

Ulna

Long bone and medial bone of the forearm; longer than the radius.

Olecranon, trochlear or semilunar notch, coronoid process, radial notch, and styloid process.

Parts/features of ulna

Carpals

WRIST BONES
8 short bones arranged in 2 rows.

Proximal row of carpals (lateral to medial)

Navicular or scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, and pisiform.

Greater multangular or trapezium, lesser multangular or trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

Distal row of carpals (lateral to medial)

metacarpals

5 long bones of the hand; numbered from lateral to medial

Phalanges of the fingers

BONES OF THE FINGERS
14 miniature long bones forming the skeleton of the fingers.

Three bones

Number of phalanges in each finger

Two bones.

how many Phalanges of the thumb

Pollex

Thumb; has only two phalanges.

Hip bones

Also called innominate bones, pelvic bones, or coxae.

Pelvic girdle

Right and left hip bones + the sacrum;
provides attachment of the lower extremities to the torso.

1. Ilium; 2. Ischium; 3. Pubis.

Three bones composing the hip bone in early life

Ilium

Superior, broad, expanded portion of the hip bone.

Ischium

Thickest part w/a body of the hip bone.

Pubis

Lower, anterior, and medial part of the hip bone; articulates with the opposite pubis to form the pubic symphysis.

Acetabulum

Concave fossa where the 3 bones of the hip bone converge;

articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.

Obturator foramen

Formed by the ischium and pubis;
biggest foramen in the whole body according to the lecture.

Arcuate line or ilio-pectineal line

Formed when the pectineal line of the body extends into the ilium.

Bony pelvis

Complete bony framework of the lower abdomen made up of the two hip bones and sacrum.

1. False pelvis or pelvis major; 2. True pelvis or pelvis minor.

Divisions of the pelvis

False pelvis or pelvis major

Upper wide portion of the pelvis bounded by the iliac fossae.

True pelvis or pelvis minor

Smaller inferior portion bounded anteriorly by the pubis, posteriorly by the sacrum and coccyx, and laterally by the ischium and ilium.

Pelvic inlet or superior strait

Bounded by the sacral promontory, alae of sacrum and ilium, pectineal line, and pubic crest to the symphysis pubis.

Pelvic outlet

inferior strait
Bounded by the sides of the symphysis pubis, sides of the pubic arch, ischial tuberosities, and coccyx.

1. Oval-shaped and larger pelvic inlet; 2. Wider pelvic outlet; 3. Shorter, roomier pelvic cavity; 4. Wider and rounder pubic arch; 5. Wider and shorter sacrum.

Female pelvis compared with male pelvis

Kidney-shaped and smaller.

Male pelvic inlet according to the lecture

Femur

THIGH BONE
Longest, strongest, and largest bone in the body.

Patella

KNEE CAP
Short bone and biggest sesamoid bone in the body; lodged in the tendon of quadriceps femoris.
Articulates posteriorly with the patellar surface of the femur to complete the anterior aspect of the knee joint.

Tibia

SHIN BONE
Long bone; anterior, medial, and larger bone of the leg.
Medial and lateral condyles, tibial tuberosity, intercondylar eminence or tibial spine, and medial malleolus.

Femur, patella, fibula, and talus.

Bones that articulate with the tibia

Fibula/peroneal bone

Long, slender, lateral bone of the leg; has a head, shaft, and lateral malleolus.

Tarsals

ANKLE BONES
Seven short bones forming the posterior half of the foot.

internal row
external row

tarsal is made up of 2 rows lying side by side

Internal row of tarsals

Talus or astragalus, navicular or scaphoid, 1st cuneiform, and 3rd cuneiform.

External row of tarsals

Calcaneus or heel bone and cuboid.

Calcaneus

Heel bone
Largest tarsal; transmits the weight of the body to the ground.

Cuboid

Most lateral bone of the tarsals.

Metatarsals

bones of foot
Five long bones of the foot, numbered from medial to lateral.

Phalanges

toes
Fourteen miniature long bones.

Hallux

Big toe; made up of two phalanges.