classical conditioning

elicit behaviors

one that is automatically drawn out by a certain stimulus (dust → sneeze)

reflex

relatively simple, automatic response to a stimulus

startle response

defensive reaction o a sudden, unexpected stimulus

what type of response causes an automatic tightening of skeletal muscles and hormonal/internal changes

startle response

orienting response

automatic reaction to an unexpected stimulus involving a shift in attention

reflex arc

neural structure that underlies many reflexes

what do reflex arcs contain

a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron

habituation

decrease in strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus

sensitization

increase in the strength of an elicited behavior following repeated presentations of the eliciting stimulus

behaviorism

patterns of learning we have acquired through associations, rewards, and punishments

father of behaviorism

john b. watson

lvan pavlov

studied digestive system of dogs → noticed dogs salivated with and without meat present

neutral stimulus

a stimulus that does not elicit the reflex being studied

unconditioned stimulus

a stimulus that naturally triggers an automatic response

unconditioned response

the automatic response triggered by an unconditioned stimulus

conditioned stimulus

previously neutral, but now triggers the unconditioned response

conditioned response

the response originally produced by the US that is now being produced by a conditioned stimulus

colon ;

sequence

arrow →

first event causes second event

colon and arrow x;y → z

x is presented just before y which causes z

taste aversion

learned avoidance of a particular taste following a bad previous experience with the food

fear conditioning

emotional reactions can be classically conditioned in people (little albert experiment)

appetitive conditioning

the US is an event that the organism will generally seek out

aversive conditioning

the US is an event that an organism will generally avoid

excitatory conditioning (CS +)

CS is followed by the US

inhibitory conditioning (CS -)

CS is followed by no US

acquisition

refers to the initial learning of the CR

extinction

the strength of the CR declines following a procedure in which the CS is presented without the US