Our Lady of Lourdes School of Nursing Exam 2 Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering Nutrition, Evidence-Based Practice, Informatics, Perfusion, Elimination, and Pain Management based on the Nursing 1 Exam 2 Blueprint.

BMI Underweight Range

A Body Mass Index (BMI) of less than $18.5$.

BMI Normal Range

A Body Mass Index (BMI) ranging from $18.5 - 24.9$.

BMI Overweight Range

A Body Mass Index (BMI) ranging from $25 - 29.9$.

BMI Obese Range

A Body Mass Index (BMI) greater than $30$.

Albumin (Normal Range)

Measures protein levels in the blood to assess nutritional status, with a normal range of $3.7 - 5.1\,mg$. Malnutrition is indicated by less than $3.5\,mg$.

PreAlbumin (Normal Range)

Reflects recent (acute) changes in protein levels, with a normal range of $19.6 - 35.8\,mg$. Malnutrition is indicated by less than $19.5\,mg$.

DASH Diet Sodium Limit

A diet used for Hypertension (high BP) that limits sodium to $1500\,mg/day$, compared to the Recommended Daily Allowance of $2300\,mg/day$.

Carbohydrates (Recommended Intake)

Macronutrients that provide energy to the body with a recommended intake of $45-65\%$ of daily calories.

Protein (Recommended Intake)

Macronutrients that build and repair tissues with a recommended intake of $10-35\%$ of daily calories.

Fat (Recommended Intake)

Macronutrients that store energy and protect organs with a recommended intake of $20-35\%$ of daily calories.

Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)

The use of the best available evidence to make patient care decisions to provide safe, effective, and high-quality care.

Replicability

One of the three important qualities of trustworthy evidence; refers to whether a study can be repeated as described with similar results.

Reliability

One of the three important qualities of trustworthy evidence; refers to whether findings are consistent across studies.

Validity

One of the three important qualities of trustworthy evidence; refers to whether a study measures what it claims to measure.

Quantitative Research

Research that collects numerical data (measurements, stats, percentages, lab values) to answer research questions.

Qualitative Research

Research that explores people’s experiences, thoughts, feelings, and perceptions using interviews, focus groups, and observations.

Health Information Technology (Health IT)

Computer systems that store, share, and manage health information, such as EHR, patient portals, and telehealth.

Informatics

The use of technology and data to support safe nursing decisions and patient care, following the flow: Data $\rightarrow$ Information $\rightarrow$ Knowledge $\rightarrow$ Nursing Action.

Subjective Data

Symptoms or information that the patient tells the nurse, such as "My pain is 8/10" or "I feel SOB".

Objective Data

Signs or information that the nurse observes or measures, such as Temp $101.4\,F$ or BP $150/90$.

Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE)

A system where providers enter orders (medication, lab, imaging) electronically to eliminate handwriting errors and improve workflow.

Barcode Medication Administration (BCMA)

The use of barcode scanning of the patient wristband and medication to verify the correct patient and medication and reduce errors.

Central Perfusion

How well the heart pumps blood; requires adequate heart function, blood volume, and blood pressure.

Peripheral (Local) Perfusion

How well blood reaches tissues and organs; requires open blood vessels, adequate pressure, and good capillary refill ($> 2$ seconds).

Ischemia

Decreased blood flow and oxygen to tissue that is reversible if blood flow returns.

Necrosis

Tissue death resulting from a prolonged lack of oxygen; it is not reversible.

Metoprolol

A Beta Blocker (anti-hypertensive) that blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, reducing heart rate and cardiac output to lower BP.

Amlodipine

A Calcium Channel Blocker (anti-hypertensive) that causes vasodilation by inhibiting calcium movement into vascular smooth muscle.

Lisinipril

An ACE Inhibitor (anti-hypertensive) that lowers BP by blocking the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2.

Hydrochlorothiazide

A diuretic that promotes sodium and water excretion in the distal tubule of the kidneys to treat edema and hypertension.

Psyllium (Metamucil)

A bulk-forming laxative that absorbs water to make stool softer for long-term use; must be taken with $8\,oz$ of water.

Polyethylene Glycol (Miralax)

An osmotic laxative used for short-term treatment that pulls water into the intestine to soften stool.

Bisacodyl (Dulcolax)

A stimulant laxative that increases peristalsis and stimulates intestinal nerve endings, often used before surgery.

Chronic Pain

Long-term pain defined as lasting longer than $3$ months.

Visceral Pain

Internal pain originating from the organs, such as kidney stones.

Somatic Pain

Internal pain originating from muscles, joints, or bones, such as a sprained ankle or osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A degenerative joint disease caused by the breakdown of cartilage; symptoms include joint pain and morning stiffness lasting less than $30$ minutes.

Morphine

An opioid agonist that binds to opioid receptors in the CNS to alter pain perception; its most serious side effect is respiratory depression.

Naloxone

An opioid antagonist used for the reversal of CNS and respiratory depression in cases of suspected opioid overdose.

POSS Scale Level 4

A sedation level indicating the patient is difficult to arouse; the nurse must stop the medication and notify the provider.