Phlebotomy Class 6 pt 2

What does whole blood consist of?

• 55% plasma (liquid) → carries nutrients, lipids, glucose, Na, Mg, Ca, K, O₂, CO₂, N, antibodies, vitamins, and hormones

• 45% formed elements (cells) → thrombocytes (platelets), erythrocytes (RBC), and leukocytes (WBC)

thromocytes

• platelets

• small, irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in the bone marrow

• aid in the process of hemostasis and are critical to the repairing of blood vessels after injury

• blood coagulation or clotting

erythrocytes

• RBC

• contain hemoglobin, oxygen-carrying protein

• blood cells enter the blood as immature reticulocytes and mature to RBC in 1-2 days

• 4.2-6.2 M RBCs per microliter of blood

• avg life span of 120 days

• after donating whole blood, it takes the body 6-8 weeks to regenerate the lost RBC

leukocytes

• WBC

• provide infection protection to the body

• 5-10k per microliter

• elevation indicates body is fighting an infection

• can determine type of infection (bacterial, viral, parasitic, or intracellular) based on the amount of white blood cells shown by elevation in percentage

leukocytosis

increase in WBCs, seen in cases of infection and leukemia

lekopenia

decrease in WBCs, seen in cases of viral infection or chemotherapy

differental count (DIFF)

determines percentage of leukocytosis or leukopenia

What are the five types of white blood cells?

1. neutrophils

2. lymphocytes

3. monocytes

4. eosinophils

5. basophils

neutrophils

• comprise about 40% to 60% of the WBC population

• phagocytic cells that engulf and digest bacteria

• number increases for bacterial infection

lymphocytes

• comprise about 20% to 40% of WBC population

• immunity

• numbers increase for viral infection

monocytes

• 3-8% of WBC population

• largest WBCs

• increases w/ intracellular infections and tuberculosis

eosinophils

• 1-3% of WBC population

• active against antibody-labeled foreign molecules

• numbers increase w/ allergies, and skin and parasitic infections

• during allergic reactions, eosinophils appear first followed by histamine-releasing basophils

basophils

• 0-1% of WBCs in blood

• carry histamine which releases in allergic reaction

• never increase in number, only amt of histamine increases

plasma

the LIQUID portion of anticoagulated blood

• contains clotting factors

serum

the LIQUID portion of coagulated blood

does not contain clotting factors

What is the normal arterial blood pH range?

7.35-7.45

acidosis

(acid blood condition) describes below normal blood pH

alkalosis

(alkaline blood condition) describes above normal blood pH

What is blood classified by?

the presence or absence of antigens on the surface of each red blood cell

What are the four major blood types?

A, B, O, AB

Rhesus factor

refers to a protein that may or may not be present on all RBC surfaces

• blood is RH positive if the rhesus protein is present on the erythrocytes

• if the protein is not present, the blood is RH negative

What happens if the blood is not matched?

antibodies in the blood with agglutinate (clump)

universal donor

O-

universal recipient

AB+

Agglutionation

when a red blood cells bursts because the plasma protein that attached to it was not was a match

• releases a toxic amount of hemoglobin, which can cause significant kidney damage

The Hepatitis B vaccine is given in a series of ____ shots

3

What is the proper order of removal of PPE when finished with a procedure?

gloves, goggles, gown, mask

Together with the ____ system, the nervous system regulates and maintains homeostasis.

endocrine

What is the human body’s largest organ system?

integumentary system

Which layer of the skin contains the site of hair follicles, sweat glands, and dense connective tissue?

dermis

Which two valves are located on the right side of the heart

pulmonary and tricuspid

The circulatory system has which two circulations?

pulmonary and systemic

What is the plasma percentage of blood vs. the formed elements percentage?

55%/45%

What are the 5 types of leukocytes?

neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils

(T/F) Blood has been classified into 4 groups based on the presence or absence of antigens A and B.

true