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Self-Awareness
Understanding of who you are as a person.
Self-Empowerment
Recognizing one’s inner strengths and weaknesses to empower oneself.
Self-Concept
Person’s perceptions and beliefs about themselves.
Empathy
Refers to the ability to recognize and feel the emotions of others.
Self-Understanding
What you understand about yourself.
Self-Worth
Set of beliefs we hold about ourselves, also known as self-esteem.
Self-Image
How we see ourselves, such as whether we see ourselves as attractive or unattractive.
Ideal-Self
The person we would like to be.
Human Development
The way people change and grow across their life spans.
Physiological Development
Involves bodily changes and sexual maturation.
Adolescence
The stage from puberty to adulthood with rapid physical, emotional, cognitive, and social changes.
Cognitive Development
Deals with how people’s thoughts develop.
Sensorimotor Stage
Exploration age (0-2 years old) where curiosity begins.
Preoperational Stage
Mental representation of objects is essential (2-7 years old).
Concrete Operational Stage
Logical thinking stage (7-11 years old).
Formal Operational Stage
Abstract and detailed thinking stage (11-up).
Moral Development
Refers to distinguishing right from wrong as we grow and mature.
Lawrence Kohlberg
Proponent of Moral Development Theory.
Pre-Conventional Level
People at this stage do not understand the conventions/rules of society.
Conventional Level
People at this stage conform to the conventions/rules of society.
Post-Conventional Level
Understanding the moral principles underlying societal conventions.
HUMANIST PSYCHOLOGIST AND WELL-KNOWN FOR CLIENTCENTERED THERA
Carl Roger
Proposer of Self-Concept
Carl Roger
It includes your physical appearance and your body image, social character, or abilities, and you’re thinking.
Self Concept
Understanding of who you are as a person.
Self Concept
For positive self-worth, one must receive?
Unconditional Positive Regard
Unconditional Positive Regard
Being accepted no matter what a person says or does and supported despite mistakes and shortcomings.
Aspects of Self Concept
The Physical Self
The Social Self
The Competent Self
The Inner Self
The physical aspects.
The Physical Self
The Social Self
This is part of your social self; that is, how you, as a person, relate to others.
The Competent Self
A person can provide for basic needs. It is your strength.
The Inner Self
Psychological self, is made up of the feelings and thoughts that a person has deep inside them.
The I
The person deep inside, Anti-Social, Just about how you feel.
The Me
Part of the person that is about being in society. Best way to act. Part of the person that is about understanding and obeying the rules of the society.
You are a whole person with unique physical, social, emotional, spiritual, and intellectual needs and
experiences. You must understand that you are still growing, changing, and developing as a whole person.
To be a Whole Person
Physiological Development
Puberty and Adolescence
Brain
Adolescence important time for a child’s brain development. It may affect behavior and social skill
Bones, Organ, Body System
Your organs change in size and capacity as well.
Clumsiness and Coordination
Changes in center of gravity. The brain adjusts at times which might affect your sense of balance.
Physical Strength hand Sports Skills
Muscles strength and size increase during this period. They have body image concerns (SelfConscious).
Physiological
How a living organism or bodily part function
Conformity
Compliance with standards, rules, or laws. DEVELOPING THE WHOLE PERSON
Cognition
In developmental psychology, it refers to the thought process of a person.
Cognitive Development
It deals with how people’s thoughts develop.
Proponent of Cognitive Development Theory
Jean Piaget
She outlined specific stages of mental growth in children and adolescents.
Jean Piaget
Sensorimotor Stage (0 -2 years old)
“EXPLORATION AGE.” Curiosity Begins and they start realizing how things work and operate.
Preoperational Stage (2-7 years old)
The mental representation of objects is essential. Children at this age are too curious about things. It is the time in our life when we gain an understanding of the world around us.
Egocentrism
Think only from one’s point of view.
2 Sub-Stages of the Pre-operational Stage:
Symbolic Function and Intuitive thought
Symbolic Function (2-4)
It refers to the use of mental representation. The child plays “make believe.”
Intuitive Thought (4-7)
Refers to the growth of curiosity and basic reasoning.
A. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11)
The child began to think logically.
Conservation
An understanding that quantities don’t change when the appearance is altered.
Formal Operational Stage (11-Up)
We begin to think in a more complex manner. Our thoughts become more abstract and more detailed. We start considering different ideas and points of view.
Levels of Moral Development Theory
Pre-Conventional, Conventional, and Post-Conventional
Stages of Moral Development Theory
Obedience and Punishment
Individualism and Exchange
Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation
Law and Order Orientation
Social Contract Orientation
Universal Ethical Principle
Orientation
Stage 2. Individualism and Exchange
Children account for individual points of view and judge actions based on how they serve individual needs.
Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment
Obeying the rules is important because it is a means to avoid punishment.
Stage 1. Obedience and Punishment
The concern is for self.
Individualism and Exchange
Reciprocity
Stage 3. Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation
Focus on living up to social expectations and roles. (conformity)
Stage 3. Good Boy-Nice Girl Orientation
✓ The concern “what will people think of me?”
Stage 4. Law and Order Orientation
People begin to consider society as a whole and then make judgments.
People begin to consider society as a whole and then make judgments.
Stage 4. Law and Order Orientation
FOCUS: maintaining law and order by following the rules, doing one’s duty, and respecting authority.
Stage 4. Law and Order Orientation
The concern: NO ONE OR NO GROUP IS ABOVE THE LAW.
Stage 5. Social Contract Orientation
The rules of the law are important for maintaining a society, but members of the society should agree upon these standards.
The concern is a social utility or public interest.
Stage 5. Social Contract Orientation
Stage 6. Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
People follow these internalized principles of justice, even in conflict with laws and rules.
The concern is for moral principles- these principles are not concrete moral rules but are universal principles of justice, reciprocity, equality, and human dignity.
Stage 6. Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
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