Chapter 10 Study Guide: Motivation and Emotion

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 10 on Motivation and Emotion.

Motivation

The force that moves people to behave, think, and feel as they do; energizes, directs, and sustains behavior.

Drive Reduction Theory

A psychological state that motivates an organism to satisfy a need.

Homeostasis

The body's tendency to maintain internal balance.

Yerkes–Dodson Law

Performance increases with arousal up to a point, then decreases.

Gastric Signals

Stomach contractions and hormones like cholecystokinin (CCK) signal fullness.

Lateral Hypothalamus

triggers eating.

Self-Determination Theory

theory with three core needs: competence, relatedness, and autonomy.

Intrinsic Motivation

Internal drive (curiosity, challenge, fun).

Extrinsic Motivation

External rewards or avoidance of punishment.

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Sympathetic: Arouses (↑heart rate, ↑breathing, ↓digestion).

Parasympathetic: Calms (↓heart rate, ↑digestion).

James–Lange Theory

emotions result from bodily changes. 

Perceive → Arousal → Emotion

Cannon–Bard Theory

emotion and arousal occur simultaneously.

Perceive → Arousal + Emotion

Facial Feedback Hypothesis

facial expressions can influence emotional experience.

Hedonic Treadmill

pleasure fades and individuals quickly return to a baseline level of happiness.

Drive

psychological state that motivates an organism to satisfy a need.

Need

deprivation that energizes the drive to reduce it.

Overlearning

practicing a task beyond mastery to perform well under stress.

Ventromedial Hypothalamus

stops eating

Competence

belief in one’s ability.

Relatedness

connection and belonging.

Autonomy

independence and control.

Beneficence

desire to help others.

Physiological Arousal

body response

Conscious Experience

subjective feeling

Schachter–Singer Two-Factor

Emotion = Arousal + Cognitive Label

Stimulus → Arousal + Interpretation → Emotion

Limbic System: Amygdala

processes emotional memories and fear responses.

Direct: Thalamus → Amygdala (quick reaction).

Indirect: Thalamus → Cortex → Amygdala (slower, deliberate).

Lazarus

thinking (appraisal) precedes emotion.

Zajonc

some emotions occur without conscious thought.

Glucose

energy source.

Insulin

regulates glucose.

Leptin

hormone that reduces appetite.

Order of Maslow’s Hierachy

1. Physiological needs

2. Safety

3. Love & Belonging

4. Esteem

5. Self-Actualization

6. Self-Transcendence