Research Methods

Courtesy stigma

Social stigma associated with being linked to a person or group that is stigmatized.

Quantitative methods

Research methods focused on measuring and quantifying outcomes, often using numerical data (i.e sample)

Qualitative methods

Research methods that focus on exploring meanings and understanding experiences through in-depth data. (i.e. participant observation and interviews)

Representative sampling

Ensuring a sample reflects the characteristics of a larger population in survey research.

Random sampling

A sampling method where each individual has an equal chance of being selected, aiding generalizability.

Convenience sampling

A sampling method where participants are selected based on availability rather than randomness.

Snowball sampling

A non-random sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future subjects from their acquaintances.

Validity

The extent to which a method measures what it is intended to measure.

Reliability

The consistency and dependability of a measurement method across different instances.

DAWN (Drug Use Warning Network)

A program that collects and analyzes data on drug-related hospital visits and deaths.

ADAM (Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program)

A program that monitors drug use among arrestees and its relation to criminal activity.

National Survey of Drug Use & Health

A representative survey that estimates drug use rates among the American population aged 12 and older.

Participant observation

A research technique where the researcher immerses themselves in the environment of their subjects.

Informed consent

An ethical requirement to ensure that study participants are fully aware of research risks and agree to participate.

Cultural sensitivity

Awareness and respect for different cultural practices and perspectives during research.

1st step of sociological investigation

Select and define topic

2nd step of sociological investigation

Review the literature

3rd step of sociological investigation

Develop key questions to ask

4th step of sociological investigation

Assess requirements for study

5th step of sociological investigation

Consider ethical issues

6th step of sociological investigation

Collect the data

7th step of sociological investigation

Interpret the findings

8th step of sociological investigation

State conclusions

9th step of sociological investigation

Publish the findings