biosensors hw 1-5
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54 Terms
what is a transducer
A device converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another
Find the correct statements about a temperature transducer (multiples answers):
It often requires a Wheatstone bridge circuit.
A thermocouple measures the open-circuit voltage, which is a function of the junction temperature.
It is a special type of capacitor.
Thermistors and transistors can be used as temperature transducers.
A thermocouple measures the open-circuit voltage, which is a function of the junction temperature.
Thermistors and transistors can be used as temperature transducers.
What are the components of biosensors
Bioreceptor
Electronics
Transducer
What is the limit of detection?
The detectable range of analyte concentrations
The maximum detectable amount of analyte
The minimum detectable amount of analyte
The proportionality of biosensor response to analyte concentration over a certain range
The minimum detectable amount of analyte
If the slope of a calibration curve is 0.1 a.u. per ng/mL and the blank signal standard deviation is 0.02 a.u., determine LOD in ng/mL.
.6 or .66
If the slope of a calibration curve is 0.05 a.u. per ng/mL and the blank signal standard deviation is 0.01 a.u., determine LOQ in ng/mL
2
What is an in-vitro biosensor?
A biosensor to perform a test using a whole, living organism.
A biosensor to perform a test in a controlled environment outside of a living organism.
A biosensor that can detect multiple analytes simultaneously from a single sample.
A biosensor that is operated by a battery
A biosensor to perform a test in a controlled environment outside of a living organism.
What is a label-free biosensor?
A biosensor that does not require labeling molecules.
A biosensor based on nanoparticles.
A biosensor based on any foreign molecule.
A biosensor based on electrochemical reactions
A biosensor that does not require labeling molecules
Determine the accuracy of a thermometer if it reads 38 degrees Celsius while the actual temperature is 39 degrees Celsius
97
What can you tell from this figure?
The measurement are not related to the actual.
The measurements are accurate.
The measurements are inaccurate.
The measurements are highly related to the actual
The measurements are highly related to the actual.
What does this Bland Altman plot tell about the accuracy of measurements? Good or Bad?
Good
Bad
bad
What does this Bland Altman plot tell about the accuracy of measurements? Good or Bad?
Bad
Good
good
What does this Bland Altman plot tell about the accuracy of measurements? Good or Bad?
Bad
Good
bad
Calculate the sensitivity (as a whole number percent) of the following confusion matrix:
Has the condition | Does not have the condition | |
Test indicated the condition | 11 | 7 |
Test excluded the condition | 4 | 221 |
73
Calculate the specificity (as a whole number percent) of the following confusion matrix:
Has the condition | Does not have the condition | |
Test indicated the condition | 20 | 25 |
Test excluded the condition | 3 | 676 |
96
The resulting confusion matrix from a clinical trial of a new test is below. Is the test good for anything?
Has the condition | Does not have the condition | |
Test indicated the condition | 85 | 1210 |
Test excluded the condition | 0 | 3870 |
screening only
What are the correct statements about a ROC curve (multiple answers)?
It is based on a binary test or a specific cutoff value.
It shows a device's analytical accuracy.
To construct it, the true positive rate and false positive rate are calculated for varying cutoff values.
The closer the ROC curve is to the upper left corner, the higher the overall accuracy of the test
To construct it, the true positive rate and false positive rate are calculated for varying cutoff values.
The closer the ROC curve is to the upper left corner, the higher the overall accuracy of the test
Based on the ROC curve below, find all correct answers (multiple answers).
This is good for screening.
The AUC is 0.5.
The test shows the worst accuracy.
The test has a high accuracy.
The AUC is 0.5.
The test shows the worst accuracy.
Determine Vout:
1.1
Determine the time constant of this circuit if R=100 ohm and C =500 micro farad.:
0.05
Determine Vout at t=0.01 seconds of this circuit if R=200 ohm and C =500 micro farad.:
.856
Determine the amplitude of Vc:
7.07
Determine the cut off frequency of the circuit below if R=1 k ohm and C =0.47 micro farad.
338.63
For a simple RC LPF as shown above, determine Vout at f=100 Hz if fc=100 Hz and Vin=5 V.
3.54
Determine the cut off frequency of the circuit below if R=500 ohm and C =0.47 micro farad.
677.26
For a simple RC HPF as shown above, determine Vout at f=100 Hz if fc=200 Hz and Vin=5 V.
2.24
What is the name of the filter shown here?
Twin-T Band Stop Filter
Calculate the notch frequency of the above circuit if R1=R2=2(R3)=500 ohm and C2=C3=0.5(C1)=10 nano farad.
31,831
Estimate the Seebeck coefficient in μV/K of the type R thermocouple from the graph below:
16
Find all correct statements about a thermistor (multiple choice):
The voltage drop across a thermistor is linearly proportional to the temperature.
Superior sensitivity compared to a thermocouple within a limited temperature range of -90 degree C to 130 degree C.
The resistance of thermistor is inversely related to the temperature.
It is the oldest and simplest temperature sensor.
Superior sensitivity compared to a thermocouple within a limited temperature range of -90 degree C to 130 degree C.
The resistance of thermistor is inversely related to the temperature.
Which of the following are used as temperature sensors? (multiple answers)
Op-Amp
Zener diode
Transistor
Inductor
Zener diode
Transistor
Find all correct statements about the Zener diode (multiple answers):
Zener voltage is much smaller than the breakdown voltage of typical diodes.
No permanent damage happens even with the reverse bias.
The barrier voltage is much higher than that of a typical diode.
The breakdown voltage is smaller than that of a typical diode.
Zener voltage is much smaller than the breakdown voltage of typical diodes.
No permanent damage happens even with the reverse bias.
Determine the gain of an NPN transistor from the graph below:
150
Determine R4 in Ω for a balanced bridge, if R1 =200 Ω, R2 =100 Ω, R3 =50 Ω.
100 ohm
What are two key properties of the OP-AMP?
High input resistance
High output resistance
Low output resistance
Low input resistance
High input resistance
Low output resistance
Positive feedback always makes the circuit more stable than negative feedback.
T/F
false
What is the gain of the non-inverting opamp?
(R1+R2)/R1
What is the gain of the inverting opamp?
-R2/R1
What is the gain of the following ideal op-amp circuit if R1=4.7k ohm and R2=160k ohm?
35
Find the correct statement about the transverse electromagnetic wave:
The wave vector, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector are all mutually orthogonal to each other.
The wave vector, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector are not mutually orthogonal.
The wave vector is only orthogonal to the electric field.
The wave vector is only orthogonal to the magnetic field.
The wave vector, electric field vector, and magnetic field vector are all mutually orthogonal to each other.
Calculate the relative permittivity of silicon if silicon's refractive index is 3.4.
11.56
What is the polarization of a wave when the ratio of Ey/Ex is 1, and the phase angle between E field vectors is -90 degrees, if the wave is travelling toward you?
Vertical polarization
Left-handed circular polarization (LHCP)
Right-handed circular polarization (RHCP)
Horizontal polarization
Right-handed circular polarization (RHCP)
Determine the peak value of the electric field (in V/m) if 10 mW of optical power of a plane wave is focused uniformly on a flat target of the area of 10 mm x 10 mm in free space:
274.59
Find all correct statements about the photodiode (multiple answers):
The width of the depletion region must be thicker than the light absorption length.
A PIN photodiode has an intrinsic layer between the P-type and N-type semiconductors.
The photovoltaic mode is an operation mode without applied voltage.
The photoconductive mode shows a lower quantum efficiency than the photovoltaic mode.
A PIN photodiode has an intrinsic layer between the P-type and N-type semiconductors.
The photovoltaic mode is an operation mode without applied voltage.
Based on the absorption coefficient curves shown below, which of the following materials can be used for the detection of an optical wave at 1,500 nm wavelength?
germanium
Find all correct statements about CCD (multiple answers):
Charges are collected in pixels, then transferred and read serially.
Each pixel contains a switch and amplifier circuit.
It is typically more expensive than CMOS.
It is more susceptible to noise than CMOS.
Charges are collected in pixels, then transferred and read serially.
It is typically more expensive than CMOS.
Find all correct statements about phototransistors (multiple answers):
Phototransistors require an additional amplifier.
Phototransistors are vulnerable to surges.
Phototransistors are slower than photodiodes.
Phototransistors produce much higher currents than photodiodes.
Phototransistors are vulnerable to surges.
Phototransistors produce much higher currents than photodiodes.
Find all correct statements about a LASER (multiple answers):
The stimulated photons in a laser travel in the same direction with the same phase and polarization state as the incoming photon.
A laser requires a gain medium.
It produces a polychromatic light wave.
It produces a coherent beam.
The stimulated photons in a laser travel in the same direction with the same phase and polarization state as the incoming photon.
A laser requires a gain medium.
It produces a coherent beam.
Find all correct statements about a semiconductor laser diode (multiple answers):
It produces an elliptical laser beam.
It can produce lasing action by applying a potential difference across a modified PN junction.
It is created by a cavity, formed by a highly reflective end and a partially reflective end, that sandwiches a heavily doped PN-junction.
Its spectral width is similar to that of an LED
It produces an elliptical laser beam.
It can produce lasing action by applying a potential difference across a modified PN junction.
It is created by a cavity, formed by a highly reflective end and a partially reflective end, that sandwiches a heavily doped PN-junction.