Key Events and Figures of the War of 1812

Marbury vs. Madison

Established Supreme Court's power of judicial review.

Judiciary Act of 1789

First act establishing federal judiciary, later deemed unconstitutional.

Judicial Review

Power to declare laws/actions unconstitutional.

Midnight Judges

Federal judges appointed by Adams before Jefferson's term.

John Marshall

Chief Justice who favored strong central government.

Land Act of 1800

Allowed purchase of 320 acres in Northwest Territory.

Barbary Pirates

North African pirates causing conflict with the U.S.

Tripolitan War

Conflict establishing U.S. military presence in Mediterranean.

Louisiana Purchase

Acquisition of territory from France for $15 million.

Lewis & Clark Expedition

Explored Louisiana Territory, documented new species.

Saint Domingue

French colony known for profitable sugar plantations.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Led slave rebellion in Saint Domingue against French rule.

Burr Conspiracy

Attempted secession of New York

Impressment

Forcibly seizing individuals for military service.

Orders in Council

British laws restricting neutral trade during Napoleonic Wars.

Embargo Act of 1807

Banned American trade with foreign nations.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

British attack on USS Chesapeake, escalating tensions.

Nonintercourse Act

Prohibited trade with Britain and France.

Macon's Bill No. 2

Aimed to end British and French ship interceptions.

War Hawks

Congressmen advocating for war against Britain.

Mr. Madison's War

Refers to the War of 1812 under Madison.

Nationalism

Political ideology emphasizing national interests and culture.

Sectionalism

Devotion to regional interests over national concerns.

Tecumseh

Native leader opposing U.S. expansion into Midwest.

Battle of Tippecanoe

Conflict that strained relations with Native Americans.

Treaty of Ghent

Peace treaty ending the War of 1812.

Tariff of 1816

First protective tariff for U.S. manufacturers.

James Monroe

President during the Era of Good Feelings.

Henry Clay

Proposed American System to protect U.S. manufacturing.

Daniel Webster

Nationalist opposing states' rights, advocating federal power.

John C. Calhoun

Promoted 'nullification' theory for states' rights.