AP European Colonization and the 13 colonies

Rice and Indigo

Crops of South Carolina and Georgia

Joint Stock Company

Group of investors who pool their money to make a profit by starting a new colony

Jamestown

First permanent English colony in the New World

John Smith

Leader of Jamestown who said "If you don't work you don't eat"

Tobacco

Cash crop that saved Jamestown

House of Burgesses

Jamestown government that was the first representative assembly in America

John Rolfe

Brought tobacco to Virginia and married Pocahontas

Headright System

Virginia Company gave 50 acres of land to each new settler

Nathaniel Bacon

Led a rebellion of former indentured servants against the Jamestown government

Maryland

Colony established as a safe haven for English Catholics

North Carolina

Colony gifted to the Eight Lords Proprietors; focused on naval stores; known as the vale of humility

Georgia

Colony founded as a safe haven for debtors and criminals

Puritans

People who came to America looking for religious freedom and to fix the Church of England

Massachusetts Bay

Colony founded by Puritans for religious freedom; known as the "City on a Hill"; blue laws regulated personal behavior

Mayflower Compact

Document signed by the Pilgrims that established a direct democracy

John Winthrop

Puritan leader who wanted to create a "City on a Hill"

Roger Williams

Kicked out of Massachusetts for believing in these separation church and state; found Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson

Kicked out of Massachusetts for believing in individual worship; found Rhode Island

Rhode Island

Colony founded by Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson; separation of Church and State, "the sewer"

New York

Colony that is taken from the Dutch without having to "fight"

Pennsylvania

Colony founded by the Pacifist Quakers; became a thriving colony

William Penn

Leader of the Quakers who founded Pennsylvania

Naval Stores

Tar, pitch, and turpentine; the major money-makers for the North Carolina colony

King Philips War

Fight that broke out between white settlers and native leader Metacom and his alliance over land

Toleration Act

Law that granted religious freedom in the Maryland colony (to all Christians)

Indentured Servant

A person who comes to America with promised labor (5-7 years)

Pequot War

War between Native Americans and Massachusetts Bay colonists; ends with the Massacre at Fort Mystic

James Oglethorpe

Founder of Georgia

William Bradford

Governor of Plymouth for 30 years

William Berkeley

Governor of Jamestown during Bacon's Rebellion

Henry Hudson

Founder of New York

Plymouth

Home of the Separatists and Thanksgiving

South Carolina

Had more slaves than any other colony

Squanto

Native American who helped the Pilgrims

Powhatan

An Indian chieftain who dominated the Indian peoples near Jamestown; father of Pocahontas

St. Augustine

First Spanish settlement.

Main goal of Spanish Colonies

Spread Catholic faith

French and Dutch

Beaver Fur

Roanoke, NC

First English settlement attempt

Iroquois Allies

English

Encomienda System

Spanish plantation system that enslaved Native Americans

France

Settled in Canada, New Orleans, and along the Mississippi River

England

Brought families to create agricultural settlements in America

Spain

Settled in modern day Southwestern United States

Caste System

Class system developed by the Spanish for mixed races

English Puritans, Separatists, and Catholics

Religious Freedom

Virginia House of Burgesses

The first representative assembly in the new world.

Bartolome de Las Casas

Dominican priest who spoke out against mistreatment of Native Americans in the Valladolid Debates

Juan Sepulveda

Defender of the Spanish Empire's right of conquest, of colonization, and of evangelization in the Valladolid Debates

Act of Toleration (1649)

The first colonial statue granting religious freedom to all Christians; also called for death of all non-Christians (1649)

Caused by: Most people in Maryland were Protestant, and Catholics wanted religious freedom