CH07

A

Which of these elements is not a micronutrient? a. C b. Ca c. Co d. Cu

D

Which of the following is the name for molecules whose structures are nonsuperimposable mirror images? a. structural isomers b. monomers c. polymers d. enantiomers

C

By definition, carbohydrates contain which elements? A. carbon and hydrogen B. carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen C. carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen D. carbon and oxygen

D

Monosaccharides may link together to form polysaccharides by forming which type of bond? a. hydrogen b. peptide c. ionic d. glycosidic

E

Which of the following describes lipids? A. a source of nutrients for organisms B. energy-storage molecules C. molecules having structural role in membranes D. molecules that are part of hormones and pigments E. all of the above

B

Molecules bearing both polar and nonpolar groups are said to be which of the following? A. hydrophilic B. amphipathic C. hydrophobic D. polyfunctional

C

Which of the following groups varies among different amino acids? A. hydrogen atom B. carboxyl group C. R group D. amino group

D

The amino acids present in proteins differ in which of the following? A. size B. shape C side groups D. all of the above

A

Which of the following bonds are not involved in tertiary structure? A. peptide bonds B. ionic bonds C. hydrophobic interactions D. hydrogen bonds

B

Which of the following characteristics/ compounds is not considered to be a phenotypic biochemical characteristic used of microbial identification? A. poly-β-hydroxybutyrate B. small-subunit (16S) rRNA gene C. carbon utilization D. lipid composition

D

Proteomic analysis is a methodology that deals with which of the following? A. the analysis of proteins functioning as enzymes within the cell B. analysis of transport proteins in the cell C. the analysis of integral proteins of the cell membrane D. the study of all accumulated proteins of an organism

C

Which method involves the generation of gas phase ions from intact microorganisms? A. FAME B. PLFA C. MALDI-TOF D. Lancefield group testing

D

Which method involves the analysis of membrane-bound carbohydrates? A. FAME B. PLFA C. MALDI-TOF D. Lancefield group testing

A

Which method involves conversion of a microbe’s lipids to volatile compounds for analysis by gas chromatography? A. FAME B. proteomic analysis C. MALDI-TOF D. Lancefield group testing

True

T/F: Aldehydes, amides, carboxylic acids, esters, and ketones all contain carbonyl groups.

False

T/F: Two molecules containing the same types and numbers of atoms but different bonding sequences are called enantiomers.

True

T/F: Lipids are a naturally occurring group of substances that are not soluble in water but are freely soluble in organic solvents.

False

T/F: Fatty acids having no double bonds are called “unsaturated.”

False

T/F: A triglyceride is formed by joining three glycerol molecules to a fatty acid backbone in a dehydration reaction.

False

T/F: A change in one amino acid in a protein sequence always results in a loss of function.

True

T/F: MALDI-TOF relies on obtaining a unique mass spectrum for the bacteria tested and then checking the acquired mass spectrum against the spectrum databases registered in the analysis software to identify the microorganism.

False

T/F: Lancefield group tests can identify microbes using antibodies that specifically bind cell-surface proteins.

C, D, A, B

match each polysaccharide with its description: chitin, glycogen, starch, cellulose; a. energy storage polymer in plants, b. structural polymer found in plants, c. structural polymer found in cell walls of fungi and exoskeletons of some animals, D. energy storage polymer found in animal cells and bacteria

alcohols; fatty acids

Waxes contain esters formed from long-chain __________ and saturated __________, and they may also contain substituted hydrocarbons.

steroid; double; hydroxyl

Cholesterol is the most common member of the __________ group, found in animal tissues; it has a tetracyclic carbon ring system with a __________ bond in one of the rings and one free __________group.

primary structure

The sequence of amino acids in a protein is called its

secondary, tertiary, primary

Denaturation implies the loss of the __________ and __________ structures without the loss of the __________ structure.

fatty acids, methyl esters, gas chromatography

A FAME analysis involves the conversion of _______ to more volatile _____ for analysis using ____________.