IGCSE Biology 6: Animal Transport

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering circulatory systems, heart anatomy, blood vessel types, and blood components as outlined in the IGCSE Biology syllabus.

Circulatory system

A system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood.

Single circulation

The type of circulatory system found in a fish.

Double circulation

The type of circulatory system found in a mammal.

Septum

A wall in the heart that is important for separating oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Atrioventricular and semilunar valves

One-way valves located in the mammalian heart to ensure blood flows in a single direction.

Coronary arteries

Arteries that supply the heart muscle with blood; their blockage leads to coronary heart disease.

Arteries

Blood vessels that pump blood away from the heart with structure related to the high pressure of the blood they transport.

Veins

Blood vessels that return blood to the heart and contain valves to prevent backflow.

Capillaries

Small blood vessels with walls adapted for the exchange of materials; their structure is related to their specific functions.

Vena cava

A main blood vessel that returns blood from the body to the heart.

Aorta

The main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.

Pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein

The main blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs.

Renal artery and renal vein

The main blood vessels that carry blood to and from the kidney.

Hepatic artery, hepatic veins, and hepatic portal vein

The main blood vessels that transport blood to and from the liver.

Red blood cells

Blood components responsible for transporting oxygen, featuring the protein haemoglobin.

Lymphocytes

A type of white blood cell responsible for antibody production.

Phagocytes

A type of white blood cell that engulfs pathogens by phagocytosis.

Platelets

Blood components responsible for clotting to prevent blood loss and the entry of pathogens.

Plasma

The liquid component of blood that transports blood cells, ions, nutrients, urea, hormones, and carbon dioxide.

Fibrinogen to fibrin

The conversion process during blood clotting that forms a mesh to prevent blood loss.

Coronary heart disease risk factors

Possible factors including diet, stress, smoking, genetic predisposition, age, and gender.

Heart activity monitoring

Methods include ECG, pulse rate, and listening to the sounds of valves closing.