health applications final

NCHSE standards

* Academic foundation
* Communications
* Systems
* Employability skills
* Legal responsibilities
* Ethics
* Safety practices
* Teamwork
* Health maintenance practices
* Technical skills
* Information technology in healthcare

academic foundation

standard 1

Understand human anatomy, physiology, common diseases and disorders, and medical math principle

communications

standard 2

Demonstrate methods of delivering and obtaining information, while communicating effectively

systems

standard 3

Identify how key systems affect services performed and quality of care

employability skills

standard 4

Use employability skills to enhance employment opportunities and job satisfaction

legal responsibilities

standard 5

Describe legal responsibilities, limitations, and implications on healthcare worker actions

ethics standards

standard 6

Understand accepted ethical practices with respect to cultural, social, and ethnic differences

safety practices

standard 7

Identify existing and potential hazards to clients, co-workers, and self; employ safe practices and follow health/safety policies and procedures to prevent injury & illness

teamwork

standard 8

Identify roles and responsibilities of individual members as part of the healthcare team

health maintenance practices

standard 9

Differentiate between wellness and disease. Promote disease prevention and model healthy behaviors

technical skills

standard 10

Apply and demonstrate technical skills and knowledge common to health career specialties

information technology

standard 11

Apply information technology practices common across health professions

sexual harassment

any unwanted remark, behavior, or touch that has sexual content

types of sexual harassment

quid pro quo and hostile environment; Verbal, Visual, Physical

how to handle sexual harassment in the workplace

* Talk to the harasser
* Speak to your supervisor/ person of authority
* Follow your employer's internal complaint process

HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)

a federal law designed to protect the privacy of individuals health information (file a complaint in case of a violation)

Verbal Communication

communication that uses written or spoken words (out loud)

non-verbal communication

communicating without the use of words; body language

listening

the process of receiving & constructing meaning from communication

active listening

paying close attention to what someone is saying and communicating

listen better

* Don't multitask
* Listen with the intent to learn
* Be interested in other people

passive

person does not challenge when pressured; follows the crowd

aggressive

hostile/ unfriendly when expressing themself; must show control over conversation; finds blame

assertive

direct. respectful communication; finds empathy

education

knowledge and skills learned in school that relate directly to the workforce

university

teaching and research facilities, awards many bachelors, masters, and doctorate degrees

college

bachelor degrees in liberal arts, science or both

community/ junior college

associate degrees. typically government supported and cheaper

technical school

training for specific careers, can provide licensure, certification, or associate degrees

asociate degree

60 hours of coursework- two years

bachelor degree

120 hours of coursework- four years

masters degree

additional 30 hours after bachelors degree

doctorates degree

90-120 hours after bachelors degree

continuing education options

CEU- certification or licenses, (assist professionals to maintain)

employability

the level to which one is likely to gain employment and be successful in a career

soft skills

* communication
* planning
* teamwork
* problem-solving
* leadership
* flexibility
* initiative

aide

hs diploma, on the job training

assistant

1 year of classroom an clinical experience, certified programs

technician

two years of training, AA/AS degree

technologist

3-4 years college and work experience, AA/AS+

professional

four year degree and beyond, BA/BS, MS/MS, DO/MD/Ph.D

healthcare approaches

allopathic, neuropathic, osteopathic

allopathic care

medicine and surgery to treat symptoms (MD)

naturopathic care

natural remedies, therapies, nutrition to treat person as a whole

osteopathic care

joint manipulation, medicine, surgery to treat whole person (DO)

asclepius

european medicine- one snake

caduceus

western medicine- two snakes

primitive man- cavemen

1800 BCE

* sickness is result of evil
* herbs and plants used as treatment
* code of Hammurabi
* fee for service

\

Egyptians

1500 BCE

* healthy
* first accurate medical records

greeks

1000-400 BCE

* prevention over treatment
* balance and cleanliness
* hippocrates

4 humors (greek doctors)

blood- liver

yellow bile- spleen

black bile- gallbladder

phlegm- lungs and brain

romans

500 BC- 500 AD

* aqua ducts
* hospitals

medieval medicine

* great epidemic
* Leroy, bubonic, syphilis, smallpox

renaissance

1500-1600

* acceptance of dissection


* development of printing press and microscope
* universities and medical schools

\

Age of Enlightenment

1700’s

* overcrowding
* first life expectancy tables

child bed fever

very fatal

Ignaz Phillip Semmelweis

1800’s

Edward jenner, Benjamin Rush, John Snow

USPHS

United States Public Health Service

John Adams

1900’s

unreliable medical advice

private hospital

Shareholders looking to make money

non-profit hospital

Run by a charitable organization without shareholders, all money made goes back into services

religious hospital

Welcome anyone for care but provide treatment according to the hospital's beliefs

government hospitals

Use tax dollars to pay for services, provide care for low-income & veterans

specialized hospitals

Focus care on target populations like age, disease, surgeries (children’s hospital)

blue cross

Justin Ford Kimball: developed the first health plans in the U.S.

\- premium of fifty cents a month to receive 21 days of hospitalization

blue shield

kaiser permanente

Henry J. Kaiser saw what Dr. Garfield did in the desert so he brought it to the Richmond shipyards (controls network of inputs, physicians salaried, not fee-for-service, focus on prevention)

uninsured

not covered by insurance

underinsured

inadequate insurance coverage

premium

specific sum of money paid by the insured to the insurance company in exchange for financial protection against loss

deductible

a specified amount of money that the insured must pay before an insurance company will pay a claim

out-of-pocket

medical bill that is not covered by insurance and must be paid by the patient

co-pay

a fixed amount of money paid for covered healthcare service

coinsurance

multiple different insurances. one primary and a secondary one

medicaid

federal and state program that pays health care services for people who can't afford it

medicare

federal program of health insurance for persons 65 years of age and older (disabled)

managed costs

Health care plans specifically designed to control costs

HMO

(Health Maintenance Organization) managed care organization that provides comprehensive medical services for a predetermined annual fee per enrollee

PPO

(Preferred Provider Organization)

health plan that works with providers to create a network of participating providers

ethics

standards of conduct which guide decisions and actions

principles shared by society

personal ethics

principles and values guiding choices made by each individual

organizational ethics

principles and standards an organization uses

professional ethics

principles and standards governing the decisions of particular occupations

societal ethics

what we typically refer to when talking about ethics

standards of conduct which outline acceptable behavior in society

integrity

quality of being honest and adhering to ethical and moral principles consistently

empathy

teleological theory

looking at the consequences; the end **does** justify the means

deontological theory

looking at the act; the end **does not** justify the means

autonomy

patients rights to make decisions without pressure from provider

beneficence

provider does all they can to benefit patients

benevolence

doing good; actions do greater good

non-maleficence

do no harm

providers obligation to avoid harming individuals or society

goodness or rightness

two principles-

* nonmaleficence
* beneficence or benevolence

value of life

most important factor. if you don’t value your life, how should you value the lives of others

justice or fairness

just in disturbing goodness and badness

honesty or truthfulness

at the heart of any moral relationship is communication; tell the truth

individual freedom

people must have the freedom to choose their own way of being ethical

scope of practice

services and activities a health professional is authorized to do with their level of education

confidentiality

obligation to protect private information

informed consent

permission given by patient who fully understands particular treatment or test