Nutrition Exam 1 (Modules 1-5)

Why does nutrition matter in nursing

every patient has nutrition needs

What is nutrition

the science of how food and nutrients affect the body

Nutrition supports what

• growth

• development

• normal body function

Both inadequate and excessive nutrient intake can _____ affect health

negatively

what is health

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being - not merely the absence of disease (WHO)

Health is influenced by many factors, referred to as the determinants of health:

• Genetics/biology

• Health behaviors

• Social and economic factors

• Physical environment

• Access to healthcare

What is Disease?

A condition that impairs normal body structure or function and results in characteristic signs and/or symptoms.

Disease may develop as a result of:

• Genetics

• Infectious Agents

• Environmental exposures

• Lifestyle behaviors

• Nutritional factors

• Multiple interacting causes

What are nutrients

substances in food that support many essential roles

including providing energy, supporting growth and development,

regulating essential body processes, and maintaining overall health.

What are the 6 classes of nutrients

• Carbohydrates

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Vitamins

• Minerals

• Water

Carbohydrates

Primary source of energy for the body and brain.

Protein

Build, repair, and maintain body tissues; support enzymes,

hormones, and immune function.

Lipids (fats)

Concentrated source of energy; support cell membranes, hormone

production, insulation, and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins

Regulate metabolic processes and support normal growth,

immunity, and body function.

Minerals

Support bone health, fluid balance, nerve transmission, muscle

contraction, and many physiological processes.

Water

Maintains hydration, transports nutrients and waste products,

regulates body temperature, and serves as the medium for many

chemical reactions.

Characteristics of a healthy dietary pattern

• A dietary pattern that provides adequate energy and essential

nutrients.

• Based on balance, variety, and moderation.

• Individualized to a person's health, preferences, culture, and

lifestyle.

• Focused on overall eating patterns rather than individual foods or

meals.

Healthy eating begins with:

• Adequacy

• Balance

• Variety

Adequacy

Meeting nutrient and energy needs

Balance

Appropriate proportions of foods and nutrients

Variety

Different foods provide different nutrients

Healthy eating also means

• Moderation

• Nutrient Density

• Consistency

Moderation

Appropriate portions and frequency

Nutrient Density

Maximizing nutrients relative to calories

Consistency

Healthy dietary patterns over time