ch.13 final

Flashcards covering the anatomy and function of the heart, including layers, valves, blood flow, and pressure.

The outer layer of the heart is called __.

Epicardium

The middle layer of the heart, primarily composed of cardiac muscle, is known as __.

Myocardium

The inner layer of the heart is referred to as __.

Endocardium

The blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle through the __ valve.

Tricuspid

The __ valve allows blood to flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery.

Pulmonary

Blood flows from the left atrium to the left ventricle via the __ valve.

Bicuspid

The __ valve permits blood flow from the left ventricle into the aorta.

Aortic

Arteries carry __ blood away from the heart.

deoxygenated

The strongest blood-carrying vessels that withstand the highest pressure are __.

Arteries

The four valves that contribute to our heartbeat are the __, __, __, and __ valve.

tricuspid, pulmonary, bicuspid, aortic

Systolic pressure refers to the __ of the heart.

contraction

Diastolic pressure refers to the __ of the heart.

relaxation

Venous blood is found in and is primarily .

veins, deoxygenated

The organs found in the cardiac system include the heart, __, __, and __.

arteries, veins, capillaries

The pulmonary circuit is primarily responsible for __.

gas exchange

When the atrioventricular (AV) valves are open, the __ valves are closed.

semilunar

The pressure in the systemic arteries is greatest in the __.

aorta

Blood flow that travels from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange and back to the heart is termed __ circulation.

systemic

The myocardium is the layer of the heart that is mostly composed of __ muscle.

cardiac

The contraction of the heart is known as __.

systole

The relaxation of the heart is referred to as __.

diastole

The apex of the heart points down toward the __ hip.

left

The normal heart rate is around __ beats per minute.

60–100