1;self added

intramolecular

within molecule

catabolic

break down

anabolic

build

aqueous

water-based

viscosity

resistance to flow, energy needed to change shape of substance

xylems

vascular tissue in plants for transport of water/dissolved minerals up

ringed seal

hydrodynamic, powerful flippers, low density/conductivity blubber, lairs built under snow (air can be warmed, airpockets less= insulator)

black throated loon

hydro/aerodynamic (less drag/generate lift), oiled exterior feathers (hydrophobic, tightly interconnected), air layer under (insulation/low thermal conductivity)

water properties for living

cohesion/surface tension, capillary action, solvent (medium for enzyme catalysis), density supports bouyancy, low specific heat capacity (coolant/warmer than atmosphere)

enzyme catalysis

cells

smallest unit of self sustaining life

stains: iodine

plant cell starch

stains: methylene blue

animal cell nuclei

Gram staining

for bacteria

actual size

= image size/magnification

antigen

floating till binds with antibody/T receptor

antibody

on the cell, to identify foreign invaders

peptidoglycan

material of prokaryotic cell wall

cytosol

liquid part of cytoplasm, solvent to salts, sugar, fatty acids, amino acids, protiens, enzymes. Suspends organelles

phagolysosome

fused phagocytic vacuole and lysosome.

phagosome

phagocytic vacuole

(haemoglobin)

The iron-containing protein present in red blood cells that carries oxygen

turgor pressure

The pressure exerted against a cell wall by the fluid inside the cell

microtubules

Long, thin, cylindrical fibrous proteins that form the spindle apparatus during cell division

produce scale bar

draw as 20% of the image

cryogenic electron microscopy (benefits)

increases resolution. eg. helped identify structure and antigens on COVID 19

freeze fracture microscopy (benefits)

can see internal structures eg. internal plasma memebrane; 2 layers

flourescent dyes

general flourescent dye; prefferecially attatch to some structures (use to label structures); bright spots

plastids (context)

only eukaryotes. all by endosymbiosis; all double membraned

double membraned

cell, nucleus, plastids, mitochondria

ribosome (function)

catalyse polypeptide synthesis during translation

microfilaments

thin cytoskeletal structures

mitochondria(background deets)

endosymbiosis, has own genome and reproduces in cell by binary fission

cilia

produced by centrioles (and r only in some animal cells), motile, move in unison, eg. lining respiratory tract.

microvili

non-moving folds to increase surface area.

theory

hypothesis supported by an overwhelming amount of data.

deductive reasoning

social phenomena observed -> theory formed -> data challenges theory

inductive

social phenomena observed ->data collected to observe -> theory from trends

catalysis

The acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst

endosymbiosis

A theory that eukaryotic cells evolved by engulfing and incorporating prokaryotic cells, which then became organelles within the eukaryotic cell