CPT - Certified Phlebotomy Technician

What mask needs to be worn in a room with airborne isolation precautions

N-95 Mask (plus gloves & a gown)

What does PPE stand for

Personal Protective Equipment

What PPE needs to be worn in a room with droplet isolation precautions

Gloves, mask, eye protection & gown

What PPE needs to be worn in a room with contact precautions

Gloves & gown

What gauge needle will cause hemolysis

25 gauge (and above) (to small & it breaks the blood up; to large and it slams into the back of the tube)

What is the range of needle gauges for blood donation

16-18 gauge

Needles for phlebotomy should be pitched how many degrees

15o-30 degree angle

Needles should be inserted how far

¼"- ½" or until you reach a change of resistance

What are the three vessels of the anti cubital fossa

Median Cubital Vein, Cephalic Vein, Brachial/basilic Vein

Which vessel is the first choice for a blood draw

Median Cubital Vein

Which vessel is the second choice for a blood draw

Cephalic Vein

Which vessel is the third choice for a blood draw

Brachial/basilic Vein

Which vessel is lateral to the patient's body

Cephalic Vein

What are the names of the three main vessels of the body

Veins, arteries, capillaries

What are the microscopic blood vessels responsible for O2 exchange

Capillaries

How much blood is needed for each blood culture bottle

Adults: 8-10ml (3-4ml in each bottle, aerobic & anaerobic)

How many liters of blood does the average adult have

5 (4-6 liters)

What is the name of the part of the blood which suspends all of its whole material

Plasma

What is serum

Plasma without the clotting factor

What type of anemia can occur in infants because of frequent excessive blood drawing

Iatrogenic anemia

What is the lifespan of an RBC

90-120 days

What does CBC stand for

Complete blood count

What is a CBC with differential

measures the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelet levels, hemoglobin and hematocrit

What are responsible for forming clots

Platelets (Thrombocytes)

What element of the blood is responsible for achieving hemostasis

Platelets

What is the term for an increase in the number of formed elements of blood due to a decrease in plasma

Hemoconcentration

If an emergency arises during a blood draw, what is the first action of the phlebotomist

Stop

What is the maximum time length a tourniquet can be left on

60 seconds

What is the term for when bleeding has stopped

Hemostasis

Hemostasis does what to the vessels

Stops bleeding

What is the medical term for a fainting episode

Syncope

What are some examples of emergencies during a blood draw

Stroke, syncope, heart attack, choking, shock, seizure

If a patient is having a seizure, what should you do for them

Protect patient, inform nurse/EMS

What are three signs and symptoms of a stroke

Weakness to one side of body, slurred speech, impaired gait, headache, drooling, confusion, trouble speaking or swallowing

What are the three steps to stop bleeding

Pressure to site, elevation of extremity, pressure to main artery (pressure point)

What are the three signs and symptoms of shock

Diaphoresis, clammy skin, fainting, blank stare

What position should a person be placed in if they have a history of fainting

Supine

If a patient just had surgery to the right side of their body, which arm should you draw from

Left

If you during a blood draw you notice petechiae or a hematoma forming what should you do

Petechiae = remove tourniquet; hematoma = stop

If a patient has an IV running in their arm, where should you perform the blood draw on the same arm

Below IV

Name two tests that patients have to fast for before getting their blood drawn

Fasting glucose & lipid panel

What is the medical term for touching

Palpating

What is the term for inflammation of a blood vessel

Phlebitis

What is the name of the small purple-dots in the upper layer of the skin, illustrating damaged capillaries and/or collateral vessels

Petechiae

What are three things that every patient must be asked prior to drawing their blood

Name, DOB, Latex allergy, on blood thinners, which arm, blood ever drawn with a negative reaction

What is the name of a substance that discourages the growth or action of microorganisms

Antiseptic

What type of alcohol do we use to cleanse the puncture site

70% Isopropyl alcohol

What are 2 alternatives that can be used to cleanse a puncture site besides alcohol

Povidone Iodine or Chlorhexadine Prep

What cleansing agent should be used when drawing a blood culture

Iodine (Betadine)

What cleaning agent should be used when drawing a BAL

Chlorhexadine Prep

What does BAL stand for

Blood alcohol level

What will occur if a blood tube is shaken vigorously, dropped, or drawn through a 25 gauge (or smaller) needle

Hemolysis

We clean a puncture site outside to in. True or False

False

Which vial gets filled first when doing a blood culture?

Light yellow

What does ESR stand for

Light yellow

What dies ESR measure

measures the rate at which red blood cells (RBCs) in a test tube separate from blood serum over time

What does A1C stand for

Long term glucose control

What color tube is used for a CBC

Lavender

What color tube is used for an A1C

Lavender

What color tube(s) contain EDTA

Pink, purple, lavender, pearl

What is a pink (red) tube commonly used for

Blood typing

What color tube is commonly used for blood typing

Red

What do you do with the first drop of capillary blood

Wipe it away

What is the anatomical site for a heel puncture

Heel sides

What will cause impaired test results and trauma during a capillary stick

Over milking

Which finger is used for a capillary stick for a child older than 12 months

Ring or middle finger on non-dominant hand

What is the maximum depth for a heel-stick on an infant

2mm

If the patient did not have arms, where could you obtain a capillary sample

Ear

What are the three patient identifiers

First name, last name, last 4 number of SS, DOB

What belongs on a properly labeled specimen

Patient info, date, time of draw, initials

What is the name for a civil wrong, such as bad behavior

Tort

What is the act of intentionally, physically touching someone without permission

Battery

What is HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996

What is PHI

Protected health information

What is an assault

Using threating words

What is the term for failing to execute a duty responsibly or safely

Negligence

Who does OSHA protect

Employees

What is an example of invasion of privacy

Looking at medical records without permission, talking about a patient

What are three examples when chain-of-custody is paramount

Blood alcohol level/drug tests, rape tests/sexual assault, paternity

What is the term for the standards that would best be described as quality control, instrument maintenance, and procedure manuals

Quality Assurance (QA)

A phlebotomist's job includes greeting and instructing patients. True or False

True

A phlebotomist's job includes performing QA on laboratory equipment. True or False

True

It is sufficient to explain a procedure to a minor, and not their parent. True or False

False

What cleanser must a phlebotomist use for a BAL test, in order for the test's results to be used as evidence in court

Chlorhexadine Prep

The first urine is used for what two urinalysis tests

Pregnancy, suspected UTI

When taking a urine sample out of the refrigerator, how long does it need to sit at room temperature before you can test it

1 hour

If looking for either fat or urobilinogen in a stool sample, it needs to be refrigerated for how many hours

72 hours

It is important to correctly perform the order of the draw correctly because an incorrect order of draw can affect the accuracy of the tests. True or False

True

What test needs to be protected from daylight

Bilirubin & folic acid

What is a GTT

Glucose tolerance test (3 hr test in 4 tubes)

How many minutes after the last glucose drink is ingested should a GTT be drawn

30 min

An expired blood tube loses what

Vacuum

Blood smears need what kind of edge

Feathered

How much blood is needed for an infant's blood culture

1 ml

What is the word for a spinning centrifuge

Centripetal

Why must microbiological test be rushed to the lab

Make sure the organisms are alive

What is an ABG

Arterial blood gas

How must an ABG be transported

On ice

What is an example of a special sample test

CSF (Cerebral Spinal Fluid)

What does sodium citrate help to do

Prevent clotting